环境空气污染与中老年人和老年人五种常见的视力威胁眼睛疾病之间的联系:一项大型前性队列研究
Zhanying Wang1, Yanze Yu1, Yuhao Ye1
1Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, NHC, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.
American journal of ophthalmology
|March 8, 2025
概括
高水平的颗粒物 (PM) 空气污染显著增加了糖尿病视网膜病变和视网膜脱落的风险,特别是在近视患者中. 解决空气质量问题对于预防危及视力的眼病至关重要.
科学领域:
- 眼科医生 眼科 眼科
- 环境健康 环境健康
- 流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- 环境空气污染是越来越严重的公共卫生问题,可能会对各种器官系统产生影响.
- 关于不同空气污染物对危及视力的眼睛疾病的具体影响的研究是有限的.
- 眼睛疾病,如白内障,绿内障和黄斑变性影响全球数以百万计的人,需要对环境风险因素进行调查.
研究的目的:
- 调查多种空气污染物暴露与五种主要视力威胁性眼部疾病发生率之间的关联.
- 评估颗粒物 (PM2.5,PM10),氧化 (NOx,NO2) 在白内障,绿内障,黄斑变性,糖尿病视网膜病变和视网膜脱落的发展中的作用.
- 探索近视状态如何改变暴露于空气污染和眼睛疾病风险之间的关系.
主要方法:
- 采用前性队列研究设计,利用来自114,930名英国生物库参与者的数据.
- 使用土地使用回归模型估计了主要空气污染物的年平均度 (PM2.5,PM10,NOx,NO2).
- 考克斯的比例危险回归和受限制的立方斜线模型被用来分析空气污染暴露与眼睛疾病发病率之间的关联,并根据近视状态进行分层.
主要成果:
- 增加对颗粒物10 (PM10) 和氧化 (NOx) 的暴露与近视患者糖尿病视网膜病变的风险更高显著相关.
- 颗粒物10 (PM10) 暴露与近视人口中视网膜脱落的发病率增加有着显著的关联.
- 颗粒物2.5 (PM2.5) 与非近视个体的青光眼风险增加有关,而高PM10暴露与糖尿病视网膜病变,视网膜脱落和黄斑退化风险增加有关,这些风险在低至中度近视患者中增加.
结论:
- 暴露于高水平颗粒物 (PM) 与患糖尿病视网膜病变和视网膜脱落的风险增加有关.
- 这些发现强调了将空气质量视为预防和管理危及视力的眼部疾病的可修改因素的必要性.
- 减少空气污染暴露的有针对性的干预措施可以在减轻眼睛疾病负担方面发挥重要作用.
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