症状散发性原发性甲状腺功能障碍症的分子基础:病变发生的新前沿
Ashutosh Kumar Arya1, Poonam Kumari2, Priyanka Singh3
1Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India.
概括
原发性副甲状腺炎症 (PHPT) 涉及高水平的副甲状腺激素和水平. 遗传和表观遗传变化驱动PHPT,东方和西方人群之间的分子格局不同.
科学领域:
- 内分泌学 在内分泌学.
- 分子生物学分子生物学
- 在瘤学瘤学.
背景情况:
- 初级副甲状腺症 (PHPT) 是一种常见的内分泌疾病,其标志是副甲状腺激素 (PTH) 和高血的升高.
- 虽然在西方国家经常无症状,但在东方人口中,PHPT更频繁地呈现出症状.
- 零星PHPT的分子基础涉及影响甲状腺细胞生长和调节的遗传和表观遗传变化.
研究的目的:
- 审查零星原发性副甲状腺炎症的既定和新兴的分子驱动因素.
- 突出了东方和西方人群之间的分子病变发生的差异.
- 强调进一步研究的必要性,特别是在发展中国家的症状病例中.
主要方法:
- 对零星副甲状腺腺瘤遗传和表观遗传变化的现有文献的综述.
- 对基因突变 (例如,MEN1,PIK3CA,MTOR,NF1,CDC73) 的分析及其流行率.
- 检查表观遗传修饰 (例如,DNA甲基化,基因素甲基化) 和它们对基因表达的影响 (例如,感受受体,EZH2).
主要成果:
- MEN1突变 (30-40%) 和环素D1过度表达 (20-80%) 是零星PHPT的关键驱动因素.
- 环素D1过度表达在东方人群中比较常见,与CDKN2A/B表达相反.
- 与表观遗传变化相关的减少感受体表达,在症状的PHPT中观察到.
- 已经确定了新的潜在驱动因素,如PIK3CA,MTOR,NF1和CDC73.
- 新兴的瘤抑制剂包括GCM2,PAX1和GATA3.
结论:
- 零星PHPT的分子格局显示出显著的异质性,特别是在东方和西方人群之间.
- 表观遗传放松调节起着至关重要的作用,特别是在症状病例中.
- 进一步的大规模研究对于充分了解甲状腺瘤发生的分子驱动因素至关重要.
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