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对表位特异性记忆CD4+T细胞对复合杆菌疫苗的反应进行纵向单细胞分析

Xiaomin Wen^1,2, Alex K Hu³, Scott R Presnell³

¹Center for Translational Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, USA.

Nature communications

|March 8, 2025

概括

接种疫苗可以增强抗原特异性T细胞,而先前存在的记忆细胞在免疫反应中起着关键作用. 接种疫苗后的T细胞表现出明显的转录变化,影响未来的反应.

科学领域:

免疫学免疫学免疫学
疫苗学疫苗学疫苗学
细胞生物学细胞生物学

背景情况:

疫苗接种诱导T细胞迅速扩张,但抗原特异性T细胞的长期命运和转录组变化仍然不清楚.
了解疫苗接种后的T细胞动态对于优化疫苗疗效和预测免疫记忆至关重要.

研究的目的:

为了研究复合性疹疫苗 (shingles) 后记忆CD4+T细胞的细胞和转录命运.
确定预先存在的记忆T细胞在免疫应对疫苗接种中的作用.

主要方法:

对抗原特异性CD4+T细胞反应的分析,包括频率,激活标志物和TCR克隆型流行率.
接种疫苗之前和之后的T细胞的转录形状 (差异基因表达).

主要成果:

糖蛋白E特异性记忆CD4+T细胞显示出强烈的反应,保持高频率和激活标志物在接种疫苗后一年.
疫苗接种前占主导地位的T细胞受体 (TCR) 克隆类型在接种疫苗后持续了一年,突出显示了先前存在的记忆的作用.
接种疫苗后的T细胞与基线相比呈现出不同的转录特征,这表明承诺的记忆细胞经历了显著的变化.

结论:

预先存在的记忆T细胞对于在接种疫苗后再次遇到抗原时维持免疫库至关重要.
疫苗接种诱导记忆T细胞的持续转录性改变,可能调节它们未来对相关免疫原体的反应.

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