伴随性酒精使用障碍和严重抑郁障碍的物种差异:叙述性综述
Garrett A Winkler1, Nicholas J Grahame1
1Department of Psychology, Indiana University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
Alcohol, clinical & experimental research
|March 9, 2025
概括
酒精使用障碍和严重抑郁症经常同时发生. 临床前模型显示酒精戒断后的长期抑郁症症状,与人类临床观察不同,阻碍了治疗的发展.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 精神病学是一个精神病学.
- 药理学 药理学是指药理学的学科.
背景情况:
- 酒精使用障碍 (AUD) 和主要抑郁障碍 (MDD) 经常作为伴随性疾病.
- 据估计,有15-33%的酒精依赖者也会被诊断为MDD.
- 在急性戒酒期间,情绪障碍很常见,但通常在戒酒2-4周内消失.
研究的目的:
- 审查理解AUD和MDD并发症的翻译差异.
- 为了检查物种之间的时间表差异,同时AUD+MDD和AUD之后的MDD.
- 要突出在AUD中抗抑郁药治疗的临床前发现和临床结果之间的翻译差距.
主要方法:
- 关于AUD和MDD并发症的临床前和临床研究的叙述性综述.
- 在酒精戒断期间,对人类和动物模型中情绪相关症状的时间模式的分析.
- 在临床前模型中对抗抑郁药疗效的评估与AUD的临床试验.
主要成果:
- 临床前研究显示,早期戒断时有类似抑郁和类似焦虑的表型,长时间的负面影响超过2周.
- 经典的抗抑郁药在治疗AUD方面显示了临床前成功,但临床失败.
- 选择的动物线表现出相对缺乏戒断和负面影响,与人类戒断症状形成鲜明对比.
结论:
- 在临床前模型和AUD和MDD并发症的人类临床表现之间存在显著的翻译差异.
- 两种物种之间的情绪症状时间线不匹配可能导致抗抑郁药治疗AUD的失败.
- 未来的研究应该考虑缓解/奖励驱动的饮酒亚群,并改进动物模型,以更好地反映人类AUD-MDD并发症.
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