在地表鱼和洞穴鱼Astyanax mexicanus中,肠神经的发育
bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology
|March 10, 2025
概括
洞穴鱼的肠道神经系统发育速度比表面鱼要快,这表明它们适应了饮食. 这项研究使用Astyanax mexicanus模型来探索肠道神经系统的进化变化.
科学领域:
- 发育生物学是发展生物学.
- 进化生物学是进化的生物学.
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
背景情况:
- 肠道神经系统 (ENS) 控制胃肠道功能.
- 饮食适应可以影响ENS结构和功能.
- 阿斯蒂亚纳克斯 (Astyanax mexicanus) 洞穴鱼表现出改变的胃肠机动性.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较表面和洞穴之间的早期ENS发育Astyanax mexicanus.
- 研究ENS发育差异的遗传基础.
- 建立Astyanax mexicanus作为研究ENS演变的模型.
主要方法:
- 使用特定标记物 (phox2bb,HuC/D) 追踪肠神经细胞 (ENCC) 迁移和分化.
- 将基因表达和预测的序列进行比较,重点关注内甲蛋白信号基因 (edn3,ednrb).
- 分析基因组数据集,寻找影响蛋白质功能的潜在突变.
主要成果:
- 在两种形态类型中,ENCCs在受精后36小时就到达了肠道.
- 洞穴鱼表现出更快的ENCC迁移和在肠道沿线的分化.
- 末端蛋白-3 (edn3) 局部化表明在ENS发育中起作用,与ednrb.不同.
结论:
- 阿斯蒂亚纳克斯 (Astyanax mexicanus) 为研究肠神经系统发育的演变提供了一个有价值的模型.
- 形态类型之间的ENS发育的差异可能与饮食适应有关.
- 内分泌素信号通路与ENS发育变异有关.
相关概念视频
Neurulation
41.5K
Neurulation is the embryological process which forms the precursors of the central nervous system and occurs after gastrulation has established the three primary cell layers of the embryo: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. In humans, the majority of this system is formed via primary neurulation, in which the central portion of the ectoderm—originally appearing as a flat sheet of cells—folds upwards and inwards, sealing off to form a hollow neural tube. As development proceeds, the...
41.5K
Determination
17.8K
During embryogenesis, cells become progressively committed to different fates through a two-step process: specification followed by determination. Specification is demonstrated by removing a segment of an early embryo, “neutrally” culturing the tissue in vitro—for example, in a petri dish with simple medium—and then observing the derivatives. If the cultured region gives rise to cell types that it would normally generate in the embryo, this means that it is specified. In...
17.8K
Gastrulation
56.0K
Gastrulation establishes the three primary tissues of an embryo: the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. This developmental process relies on a series of intricate cellular movements, which in humans transforms a flat, “bilaminar disc” composed of two cell sheets into a three-tiered structure. In the resulting embryo, the endoderm serves as the bottom layer, and stacked directly above it is the intermediate mesoderm, and then the uppermost ectoderm. Respectively, these tissue strata...
56.0K
Renewal of Intestinal Stem Cells
2.5K
The intestinal epithelial lining rapidly renews every 4 to 5 days. The renewal is facilitated by intestinal stem cells (ISCs) located at the base of the crypt– a gland located at the bottom of each villus. ISCs divide asymmetrically to form new stem cells and progenitor daughter cells. The daughter cells are called transit-amplifying (TA) cells which move upwards along the crypt and either differentiate into absorptive cells– the enterocytes or secretory cells– including the...
2.5K
Nerve Supply of the GI Tract
841
The neuronal supply to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is essential for regulating various functions, including digestion, absorption, and movement of food. This intricate network of nerves is known as the enteric nervous system (ENS), often referred to as the "second brain" of the body.
The enteric nervous system consists of two major plexuses: the myenteric plexus (Auerbach's plexus) and the submucosal plexus (Meissner's plexus). These plexuses are located within the layers of...
The enteric nervous system consists of two major plexuses: the myenteric plexus (Auerbach's plexus) and the submucosal plexus (Meissner's plexus). These plexuses are located within the layers of...
841


