描述抗体对流感疫苗接种反应的短期和长期时间动态
Aaron Lane1, Huy Q Quach2, Inna G Ovsyannikova2
1Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences
|March 10, 2025
概括
大多数人对流感疫苗有弱或暂时的免疫反应,超过50%的人在一年后经历了有限的抗体水平. 早期的抗体测量可以预测对流感疫苗的长期免疫力.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 疫苗学 疫苗学 疫苗学
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
背景情况:
- 标准流感疫苗研究经常忽视长期免疫力,主要关注疫苗接种后一个月的急性抗体反应.
- 了解疫苗诱导免疫的持久性对于评估疫苗有效性和为公共卫生战略提供信息至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 综合分析一年内对流感疫苗的长期抗体反应.
- 为了分类疫苗诱导免疫的不同轨迹 (弱,短暂,持久).
- 为了识别对流感疫苗接种的长期免疫反应的早期预测因素.
主要方法:
- 对14项大规模流感疫苗研究的综合分析.
- 进行了两项新的研究,从疫苗接种开始到疫苗接种后1年的抗体反应.
- 根据1个月和1年的抗体标位的折叠变化来分类反应:弱 (<4x),短暂 (≥4x在1个月,<4x在1年),持久 (≥4x在两个时间点).
主要成果:
- >50%的接种疫苗的人在不同的人口和疫苗剂量中表现出较弱的免疫反应.
- 一个月后的抗体折叠变化的峰值与长期反应有很强的相关性;≥16倍预测持久免疫力,而4倍建议过渡性反应.
- 早期的抗体测量 (7-8或21日) 准确地预测了个体免疫反应轨迹,直到接种疫苗后1年.
结论:
- 流感疫苗的免疫反应非常异质,从最小的免疫到强大而持久的免疫.
- 很大一部分人经历了弱或短暂的免疫力,这强调了疫苗有效性的变化.
- 早期评估抗体反应动力学可以预测长期免疫力,有助于评估疫苗的性能.
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