石的工业前使用由后哥特式金匠大师:分析证据和实验研究
David Hradil1, Janka Hradilová1, Petr Bezdička1
1ALMA Laboratory, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Husinec-Řež 1001, 250 68, Řež, Czech Republic.
ChemPlusChem
|March 10, 2025
概括
15世纪和16世纪,石在欧洲的艺术中得到了广泛的应用. 红色石取代了亚美尼亚的博尔用于金制剂,采矿开始于1453年之后.
科学领域:
- 材料科学 材料科学 材料科学
- 考古学的考古学
- 地质地质地质地质地质地
背景情况:
- 15-16世纪欧洲贸易路线的破坏刺激了对当地原材料的需求.
- 进口的藻被当地生产的阿鲁尼特,岩石和石所取代.
- 红色石作为中欧金聚合物中亚美尼亚波尔的替代品而出现.
研究的目的:
- 调查石在历史上的金技术中的使用.
- 确定用于聚合物中的石的来源和技术适用性.
- 建立欧洲最早的石开采和应用证据.
主要方法:
- 使用X射线粉末微衍射进行矿物学分析.
- 历史样品与伊斯特里亚和巴尔干半岛的参考石进行比较.
- 在聚合物中波希米特存在的年代.
主要成果:
- 红色石被确定为在金化聚合物中替代亚美尼亚波尔的替代品.
- 与克罗地亚Minjera石矿业相关的独特矿物学发现 (带有波伊米特的散物).
- 聚合物中胺的最早证据可以追溯到1470年,这表明1453年后的石采矿.
结论:
- 欧洲的土矿开采始于1453年,在君士坦丁堡沦陷后不久.
- 这项研究提供了最古老的已知证据,证明石在技术中是原材料的利用.
- 这些发现重新定义了石在欧洲技术应用中的引入时间表.
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