在自然种群中进行遗传同化的一种机制基础
Gonzalo Sabarís1, Bernd Schuettengruber1, Giorgio L Papadopoulos1
1Institute of Human Genetics, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier 34396 cedex 5, France.
概括
基因同化,即环境特征成为构成性,在Drosophila.中进行了研究. 预先存在的遗传变异的选择,而不是压力诱导的变化,驱动了这个进化过程.
科学领域:
- 进化生物学是进化的生物学.
- 发育遗传学的发展遗传学.
背景情况:
- 遗传同化,沃丁顿提出的一个概念,描述了环境诱导的特征如何成为遗传固定.
- 基因同化背后的精确分子机制在很大程度上是未知的.
- 乳腺外静脉 (EV) 在Drosophila作为一个模型系统来研究这一现象.
研究的目的:
- 以Drosophila外阴静脉 (EV) 为模型,阐明基因同化遗传机制.
- 研究特征同化中先前存在的遗传变异与诱导变异之间的作用.
- 为了确定特定的基因和参与EV同化的等位基因.
主要方法:
- 结合了瓦丁顿基因同化实验的基因组分析.
- 对外生和内生Drosophila种群的分析.
- 基因表达分析和选择的等位基因的识别.
主要成果:
- 在外生和内生Drosophila种群中观察到EV同化.
- 发育性基因表达的关键变化和选定的等位基因被确定.
- 同化主要是由预先存在的调节基因的选择驱动的,包括影响Cad96Ca.的可转移元素插入.
- 染色体逆转在同系种群中的Cad96Ca位点保持了基因变异.
- 对选择性环境的多基因反应塑造了外种种群的EV进化.
结论:
- 在Drosophila中EV的遗传同化是由祖先种群中多个预先存在的等位基因的选择驱动的.
- 这一过程并不是主要由压力诱导的遗传或表观遗传变异驱动的.
- 这些发现提供了对环境影响如何成为遗传根深蒂固的机制的理解.
相关概念视频
Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift
57.7K
In a population that is not at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of alleles changes over time. Therefore, any deviations from the five conditions of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium can alter the genetic variation of a given population. Conditions that change the genetic variability of a population include mutations, natural selection, non-random mating, gene flow, and genetic drift (small population size).
57.7K
Position-effect Variegation
6.3K
In 1928, a German botanist Emil Heitz observed the moss nuclei with a DNA binding dye. He observed that while some chromatin regions decondense and spread out in the interphase nucleus, others do not. He termed them euchromatin and heterochromatin, respectively. He proposed that the heterochromatin regions reflect a functionally inactive state of the genome. It was later confirmed that heterochromatin is transcriptionally repressed, and euchromatin is transcriptionally active chromatin.
6.3K
Gene Flow
34.6K
Gene flow is the transfer of genes among populations, resulting from either the dispersal of gametes or from the migration of individuals.
34.6K
Genetic Drift
39.2K
Natural selection—probably the most well-known evolutionary mechanism—increases the prevalence of traits that enhance survival and reproduction. However, evolution does not merely propagate favorable traits, nor does it always benefit populations.
39.2K
The Ratio of X Chromosome to Autosomes
8.4K
In most organisms, sex is determined by the ratio of X and Y chromosomes. However, in some organisms, such as Drosophila and C.elegans, sex is determined by the ratio of the number of X chromosomes to the number of sets of autosomes. The Y chromosome in Drosophila is active but does not determine sex. It contains genes responsible for the production of sperms in adult flies.
Normal male Drosophila has a ratio of one X chromosome to two sets of autosomes. In contrast, normal female...
Normal male Drosophila has a ratio of one X chromosome to two sets of autosomes. In contrast, normal female...
8.4K
Genetics of Speciation
18.9K
Speciation is the evolutionary process resulting in the formation of new, distinct species—groups of reproductively isolated populations.
18.9K


