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音乐训练可以提高情绪识别和认知能力吗? 来自儿童的纵向和相关证据

Leonor Neves¹, Marta Martins¹, Ana Isabel Correia¹

¹Centro de Investigação e Intervenção Social (CIS-IUL), Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), Lisboa, Portugal.

|March 10, 2025

概括

音乐训练可以提高儿童的精细运动技能和听觉记忆,但不会因果地提高情绪识别或其他认知和社会情感能力. 预先存在的音乐技能,而不是训练,与情感识别相关.

科学领域:

认知心理学认知心理学
发展心理学发展心理学
神经科学是一个神经科学.

背景情况:

音乐训练经常被声称可以提高非音乐技能,但因果证据有限.
研究主要集中在认知效益上,忽视了社会情感结果.
音乐训练对情感识别的影响仍未得到充分研究.

研究的目的:

研究音乐训练对儿童情绪识别的因果关系.
检查音乐训练对音乐能力,运动技能,社会情感功能和认知能力的影响.
区分音乐训练与先前存在的音乐能力和混因素的影响.

主要方法:

进行了两项研究:一项为期2年的纵向干预 (研究1) 和一个横截面比较 (研究2).
研究1将音乐训练与篮球训练 (主动控制) 和没有训练 (被动控制) 进行了比较.
研究2将参加音乐学校的儿童与没有接受音乐培训的儿童进行了比较,控制了社会经济地位和其他变量.

主要成果:

音乐训练改善了精细运动技能和听觉记忆,但没有影响情绪识别或其他认知/社会情绪能力.
音乐和篮球训练都提高了粗体运动技能.
在研究2中,音乐训练与情感识别相关,但当控制社会经济地位,音乐能力或短期记忆时,这种联系消失了. 预先存在的音乐能力,而不是训练,与情感识别相关.

结论:

音乐训练有因果地提高了儿童的精细运动技能和听觉记忆.
音乐训练不会因果地改善情绪识别,更广泛的认知或社会情感功能.
在情感识别方面观察到的好处很可能归因于先前存在的音乐能力和社会经济地位等混因素,而不是培训本身.

关键词:

能力能力是一种能力.情绪识别情绪识别音乐音乐音乐音乐塑性是一种可塑性.培训培训培训培训培训

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