[有氧耐力运动表现的性别特征和在寒冷环境中的自主调节]
Peng Han1,2, Yun-Ran Wang1, Yuan-Yuan Lyu3
1College of Sports and Human Sciences, Harbin Sport University, Harbin 150008, China.
Sheng li xue bao : [Acta physiologica Sinica]
|March 11, 2025
概括
暴露于寒冷会提高有氧耐力运动的表现,在自主神经系统调节方面存在显著的性别差异. 与男性相比,女性在寒冷环境中炼时表现出更快的心率恢复和更大的阴道活动.
科学领域:
- 运动生理学 运动生理学
- 自主神经系统的调节规则
- 环境的极端情况
背景情况:
- 暴露于寒冷会显著影响运动期间的生理反应.
- 了解自主神经系统 (ANS) 调节对于优化耐力表现至关重要.
- 对寒冷等环境压力因素的性别特异反应需要进一步研究.
研究的目的:
- 调查ANS对在寒冷环境下有氧耐力运动表现的监管影响.
- 分析寒冷暴露期间心率恢复 (HRR) 和心率变化 (HRV) 的性别特异性差异.
- 评估寒冷对各种HRV参数 (时间,频率,非线性域) 的影响.
主要方法:
- 30名大学的耐力运动员 (17名男性,13名女性) 参加了比赛.
- 测量包括时间域,频域和非线性HRV指数,以及1分钟HRR.
- 在冷和正常环境中,在有氧运动前,期间和之后收集数据.
主要成果:
- 与正常环境相比,有氧耐力运动的持续时间在寒冷环境中显著增加.
- 一分钟HRR在寒冷中较低,男性的减少比女性更明显.
- 在寒冷运动和较高的阴道活动 (增加HF (n.u. ),降低了LF/HF比率).
- 非线性分析显示,在暴露于寒冷期间,男性的交感活动增加,女性的副交感恢复增强.
结论:
- 在寒冷的环境中,有氧耐力性能得到增强,有显著的性别特异性ANS监管差异.
- 与男性相比,女性在寒冷条件下表现出优越的自主神经系统适应能力和更快的恢复速度.
- 研究结果强调了在运动生理学研究和培训中考虑性别和环境因素的重要性.
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