长期的草回报与中等的含量重塑土壤的细菌社区在一个vertisol
Zichun Guo1, Rui Qian1,2,3, Wei Li4
1State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China.
Frontiers in microbiology
|March 11, 2025
概括
可持续的农业实践,如草回收,可以优化作物产量和土壤健康. 适度的 (N) 施肥与草回收促进小麦和玉米的生产,而过度的N会导致土壤酸化和损害微生物多样性. 平衡N和草是长期土壤肥力和生产力的关键.
科学领域:
- 农业科学 农业科学
- 土壤科学 土壤科学
- 微生物学 微生物学
背景情况:
- 过度的 (N) 肥料可以降低土壤结构并减少微生物多样性.
- 吸合并是一种可持续的做法,以减轻这些负面影响.
- 草管理和化肥对作物产量和土壤健康的长期影响对于密集作物系统至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 确定草管理 (返回与移除) 和不同N受精率对作物产量,土壤特性和微生物群落的综合影响.
- 在小麦-玉米作物系统中研究从0到720公斤N ha-1 yr-1的N率的影响.
- 了解不同管理策略下的土壤特性,微生物多样性和作物生产率之间的关系.
主要方法:
- 一个长期的实地实验是使用小麦-玉米作物系统进行的.
- 治疗包括吸管回收和吸管去除,并与六个N受精率 (0, 360, 450, 540, 630, 720公斤N ha-1yr-1) 相结合.
- 分析了作物产量,土壤特性 (pH,SOC,TN,NO3-N,NH4+-N,AK) 和土壤微生物群落多样性 (细菌和真菌). 统计分析包括Mantle测试和部分最小平方路径建模 (PLS-PM).
主要成果:
- 适度的N应用 (N450-N540) 与草回报优化小麦和玉米产量.
- 高化肥 (N630,N720) 导致土壤显著酸化,无论草管理如何.
- 草回收增加了土壤有机碳 (SOC),总 (TN),酸盐 (NO3−-N) 和可用的 (AK),同时减少了氨 (NH4+-N).
- 细菌的多样性增加了中等的N,但在高的N率下降;真菌的多样性是更高的吸管去除.
- 土壤的pH与细菌多样性有很强的相关性,而SOC,TN和NO3−-N影响了真菌组成.
- PLS-PM表明,N受精直接和间接增加了小麦产量,草回收增强了细菌多样性,间接支持产量.
结论:
- 在密集的Vertisol作物系统中,平衡的N化肥和吸管结合对于优化作物产量和保持土壤肥力至关重要.
- 适度的N量 (450-540公斤N ha-1yr-1),加上草回收,为作物生产率和土壤健康提供了最佳结果.
- 过度的肥对土壤pH和微生物群落产生负面影响,损害了长期的可持续性.
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