从初级保健中进行营养饮食干预后,对遵守地中海饮食的评估
Carmen Celada Roldán1, Jaime López Díez1, Faustino Rider1
1Centro de Salud de Cartagena.
Nutricion hospitalaria
|March 11, 2025
概括
在2型糖尿病患者中促进地中海饮食 (MedD) 的营养教育改善了饮食坚持和代谢控制. 这种通过初级保健提供干预措施,鼓励人们选择更健康的食物,减少有害的食物,有利于心血管风险因素.
科学领域:
- 营养科学 营养科学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 内分泌学 在内分泌学.
背景情况:
- 生活方式的改变和减少对地中海饮食 (MedD) 的坚持有助于增加心血管风险因素 (CVRF),包括肥胖和2型糖尿病 (DM2).
- 代谢综合征 (MS) 和心血管疾病 (CVD) 是致病率和死亡率的主要原因,需要初级和二级预防策略.
- 从童年开始促进健康的生活方式和饮食,如MedD,对于预防DM2和相关的CVRF至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 评估2型糖尿病患者对MedD的初始遵守情况.
- 分析基于初级保健的营养教育干预对血糖控制和MedD遵守的影响.
- 为了检查MedD坚持和干预后代谢控制之间的关系.
主要方法:
- 一项描述性的观察性和准实验性 (前后) 研究,涉及93名2型糖尿病患者,血糖控制不佳 (A1c≥7%).
- 数据收集包括在基线和干预后6个月的地中海饮食遵守调查 (MEDAS-14).
- 变量分析包括年龄,性别,DM2持续时间,BMI,基底血糖和糖化血红蛋白 (A1c),与MEDAS-14分数相关联.
主要成果:
- 干预前,低的MedD坚持 (7.44±0.22点) 与低血糖控制和高BMI有关.
- 尽管消费橄油,但加工食品占主导地位,水果和鱼类摄入量较低.
- 干预后,MedD坚持显著增加 (8.55分),增加了健康食品的消费,如白肉,橄油,坚果和蔬菜,减少了加工食品的摄入量.
结论:
- 在初级保健中推广MedD的营养教育有效地改善了糖尿病患者的坚持,这些患者的血糖控制不佳.
- 这项干预导致了健康食品的消费增加和不健康选择的摄入量减少,优化了新陈代谢控制.
- 这种方法支持DM2和相关心血管风险因素的初级和二级预防.
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