当语言背景不重要时:单语和双语儿童都使用相互排他性和实用语境来学习新词
Natalie Bleijlevens1,2, Anna-Lena Ciesla1, Tanya Behne1,2
1Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
Developmental science
|March 11, 2025
概括
单语和双语儿童学习新单词同样好,即使在模两可的情况下. 这两个群体都有效地使用实用技能和词汇知识来推断单词含义,无论语言背景如何.
科学领域:
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 语言学的语言学.
- 认知科学 认知科学
背景情况:
- 在模两可的背景下对单词学习的研究已经产生了关于单语和双语儿童之间的差异的混合结果.
- 一些研究表明,双语者可能会因为与多种语言映射的经验而与相互排他性效应作斗争.
- 其他研究表明,双语者拥有先进的务实技能,可以帮助解决参考模两可.
研究的目的:
- 调查单语和双语儿童在模两可的环境中学习新词的不同.
- 检查关于明确化策略的差异和务实技能的潜在双语优势的说法.
- 为了比较单语和双语三岁儿童和成年人的参考清晰度和记忆能力.
主要方法:
- 一项预先注册的研究,对单语和双语3岁儿童 (n=74) 和成年人 (n=86) 的可比样本进行了预先注册研究.
- 采用了两个任务:一个使用已知/未知对象的新标签的相互排他性任务,以及一个使用新标签和两个未知对象的务实任务.
- 评估了参与者推断正确标签引用链接的能力,并在延迟后保留这些链接.
主要成果:
- 单语和双语参与者在相互排他性和实用性任务中都在推断正确的标签-引用链接方面表现出同样的成功.
- 两个小组在延迟后对新学到的单词引用协会的保留也相似.
- 在单语和双语儿童或成年人之间,在他们的单词学习策略中没有发现显著差异.
结论:
- 儿童在模两可的环境中学习新词的能力并不取决于他们的语言背景 (单语或双语).
- 单语和双语儿童都会发展出类似的务实技能和社会认知策略,以获得词汇.
- 词汇知识和社会认知技能是推断新词语含义的关键因素,不管是学习一种或多种语言.
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