在早期的阿拉比多普西斯胚胎发生过程中发生的母性转录组偏差
Jaime Alaniz-Fabián1, Daoquan Xiang2, Gerardo Del Toro-De León1
1Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, Cinvestav, Irapuato, Guanajuato 36824, Mexico.
Development (Cambridge, England)
|March 11, 2025
概括
在Arabidopsis Col/Tsu杂交品种中,母性基因主导着早期胚胎发育,显示出显著的母性转录组偏差. 这种对母体基因组的影响是来自母体基因基因组的转录和偏好转录.
科学领域:
- 植物发育生物学植物发育生物学
- 基因组学和转录基因组学
- 表观遗传学 在表观遗传学中,表观遗传学是指表观遗传学.
背景情况:
- 母亲因素调节动物早期发育,直到胚胎转录开始.
- 植物杂交物中父母基因组激活是可变的,大米和阿拉比多普西斯表现出不同的模式.
- 之前的研究表明,Arabidopsis Col/Tsu突变的母体效应类似于参考生态型的Col.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究阿拉比多普西斯Col/Tsu杂交胚胎中的原生父转录组动力学.
- 确定早期阿拉比多普西斯胚胎发生过程中母亲基因偏差的程度和性质.
- 澄清植物杂交物中母体转录偏差背后的机制.
主要方法:
- 在阿拉比多普西斯Col/Tsu胚胎中转录组的分析.
- 基因表达模式在母系和父系等位基因之间的比较.
- 调查母亲偏见的来源 (偏好转录与卵子遗传).
主要成果:
- 成千上万的基因在Col/Tsu胚胎中表现出相互的母性偏差.
- 有证据表明,胚胎中母方基因的偏好转录是主要原因.
- 母体转录组偏差在早期胚胎发生过程中是暂时的.
结论:
- 在阿拉比多普西斯杂交物中,原始父母对早期胚胎发生的贡献在很大程度上存在差异.
- 母亲基因组在Col/Tsu胚胎的早期发育中起着主导作用.
- 母性转录组偏差是阿拉比多普西斯参考生态型,哥伦比亚早期胚胎的特征.
相关概念视频
01:34Crossing Over
Unlike mitosis, meiosis aims for genetic diversity in its creation of haploid gametes. Dividing germ cells first begin this process in prophase I, where each chromosome—replicated in S phase—is now composed of two sister chromatids (identical copies) joined centrally.
The homologous pairs of sister chromosomes—one from the maternal and one from the paternal genome—then begin to align alongside each other lengthwise, matching corresponding DNA positions in a process called synapsis.
In order to...
The homologous pairs of sister chromosomes—one from the maternal and one from the paternal genome—then begin to align alongside each other lengthwise, matching corresponding DNA positions in a process called synapsis.
In order to...
01:29Nondisjunction
During meiosis, chromosomes occasionally separate improperly. This occurs due to failure of homologous chromosome separation during meiosis I or failed sister chromatid separation during meiosis II. In some species, notably plants, nondisjunction can result in an organism with an entire additional set of chromosomes, which is called polyploidy. In humans, nondisjunction can occur during male or female gametogenesis and the resulting gametes possess one too many or one too few chromosomes.
02:08Gene Conversion
Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the recombination of sequences forms the molecular basis of genomic evolution. Random and non-random permutations of genomic sequences create a library of new amalgamated sequences. These newly formed genomes can determine the fitness and survival of cells. In bacteria, homologous and non-homologous types of recombination lead to the evolution of new...
02:57Meiosis vs. Mitosis
Cell division is necessary for growth and reproduction in organisms. Mitosis aids cell growth and development by dividing somatic cells. In contrast, meiosis causes the division of germ cells and plays an essential role in sexual reproduction. Due to their unique functional requirements, mitosis and meiosis differ from each other in multiple aspects.
Before the start of mitosis and meiosis I, the cell synthesizes DNA, resulting in two homologous copies of each chromosome. DNA synthesis is...
Before the start of mitosis and meiosis I, the cell synthesizes DNA, resulting in two homologous copies of each chromosome. DNA synthesis is...
01:29Nondisjunction
During meiosis, chromosomes occasionally separate improperly. This occurs due to failure of homologous chromosome separation during meiosis I or failed sister chromatid separation during meiosis II. In some species, notably plants, nondisjunction can result in an organism with an entire additional set of chromosomes, which is called polyploidy. In humans, nondisjunction can occur during male or female gametogenesis and the resulting gametes possess one too many or one too few chromosomes.
01:21Nondisjunction
Nondisjunction is the failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate correctly and move to the opposite poles of the cells. This produces daughter cells with abnormal chromosome numbers. Nondisjunction is common during anaphase I or anaphase II of meiosis. Mutations in synaptonemal complex proteins that attach homologous chromosomes increase the chances of nondisjunction in anaphase I of meiosis I. In contrast, mutations in topoisomerases and condensins that hold sister...