DCIDE框架:对进化假设的系统调查,以自闭症为例
Adam D Hunt1, Adrian V Jaeggi1
1Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland.
Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society
|March 12, 2025
概括
进化精神病学使用新的DCIDE框架来系统地分析自闭症等精神障碍的证据. 自闭症的社会利基假设比智力副产品假设得到了更好的支持.
科学领域:
- 进化的精神病学和心理学.
- 遗传学,神经科学和流行病学.
- 系统的证据综合和分析.
背景情况:
- 精神疾病的进化解释面临着由于异质性和现代环境影响的挑战.
- 由于缺乏系统的证据整合,以前的假设一直被批评为投机 ('只是这样的故事').
- 遗传学,神经科学和流行病学的现有证据往往没有有效地用于测试进化假设.
研究的目的:
- 为系统的证据综合和分析提出一个新的框架 (DCIDE),以调查精神病特征的进化解释.
- 通过系统地审查与自闭症进化解释有关的证据,以示范DCIDE框架.
- 提供一种强大的方法来比较竞争的进化假设,并对抗投机的批评.
主要方法:
- DCIDE框架包括五个阶段:描述,分类,整合,描绘和评估.
- 分类不包括使用遗传,神经科学和环境数据的非适应性病例.
- 整合考虑了诸如发病,持续时间,患病率,性别差异和相关特征等因素,以改进适应性解释.
- 评估评估假设与所有可用的证据,使用理论上有动机的原则.
主要成果:
- 在自闭症审查中,20%的病例被归类为非适应性 (例如,由于突变,创伤).
- 发现了支持社会小众专业化假设在自闭症中高度"系统化"认知的证据.
- 自闭症的智力副产品假设没有得到评估证据的支持.
结论:
- DCIDE框架提供了一种系统的方法来评估精神疾病的进化假设.
- 社会利基假说提供了一个比智力副产品假说更强大的自闭症进化解释.
- 通过提供一个结构化的证据分析和假设测试方法,DCIDE框架可以加强进化心理学.
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