两十年21%:不变的性差异在鼻科奖学金
Taylor J Stack1, Morgan N McCain1, Samuel P O'Rourke1
1Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, The University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA.
American journal of rhinology & allergy
|March 12, 2025
概括
自2002年以来,女性在鼻科学术奖学金中的百分比稳定在21.1%左右,尽管绝对数字有所增加. 虽然女性鼻科医生表现出与男性同等等级的学术生产力 (h-指数) 相似,但总体代表性仍然较低.
科学领域:
- 医学专业 医学专业 医学专业
- 手术子专业的外科专业
- 耳鼻喉科 耳鼻喉科 耳鼻喉科
- 鼻科 鼻科是指鼻科的专家.
背景情况:
- 耳鼻喉科的女性代表性有所增长,但在鼻科等子专业中仍然存在差异.
- 之前的研究并没有全面分析受过奖学金培训的鼻科医生的人口趋势和学术成果.
- 了解性别分布和生产率对于推进特殊外科领域的平等至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查美国受过奖学金培训的鼻科医生的人口趋势和学术生产力.
- 在鼻科中分析性别分布,职业阶段,实践环境和学术影响 (h-指数).
- 在子专业内确定学术进步和生产力的任何基于性别的差异.
主要方法:
- 一项横截面研究分析了来自美国31个奖学金的477名获得奖学金培训的鼻科医生的公开数据.
- 收集的数据包括性别,职业阶段,实践环境,h指数和学术排名.
- 统计分析采用了费舍尔的精确测试,威尔科克森的等级总和测试,ANOVA和eta-squared (η2) 的显著性.
主要成果:
- 自2002年以来,女性在鼻科学术奖学金中的百分比稳定在约21.1%,尽管数量绝对增加.
- 在职业阶段或实践类型中没有观察到明显的性别差异;大多数鼻科医生在学术环境中处于职业生涯中期 (平均7年).
- 女性鼻科医生总体h指数略低 (7对9),但当按学术等级分层时,这种差异消失了.
结论:
- 进入鼻科学术奖学金的女性比例停滞不前,这表明这一子专业的性别差距持续存在.
- 通过h指数测量的学术生产力,在控制学术等级时,在性别之间是可比的.
- 虽然整体耳鼻喉科在性别平等方面取得了进展,但鼻科需要有针对性的战略来改善女性的代表性.
相关概念视频
02:20Longitudinal Research
Sometimes we want to see how people change over time, as in studies of human development and lifespan. When we test the same group of individuals repeatedly over an extended period of time, we are conducting longitudinal research. Longitudinal research is a research design in which data-gathering is administered repeatedly over an extended period of time. For example, we may survey a group of individuals about their dietary habits at age 20, retest them a decade later at age 30, and then again...
01:17Two-Way ANOVA
The two-way ANOVA is an extension of the one-way ANOVA. It is a statistical test performed on three or more samples categorized by two factors - a row factor and a column factor. Ronald Fischer mentioned it in 1925 in his book 'Statistical Methods for Researchers.'
The two-way ANOVA analysis initially begins by stating the null hypothesis that there is an interaction effect between the two factors of a dataset. This effect can be visualized using line segments formed by joining the means for...
The two-way ANOVA analysis initially begins by stating the null hypothesis that there is an interaction effect between the two factors of a dataset. This effect can be visualized using line segments formed by joining the means for...
01:30Socioemotional Experience and Gender Development
Social-emotional experiences and cultural influences play significant roles in shaping gender development. During middle childhood, from ages 6 to 11, peer groups become dominant in reinforcing gender norms. Children in this age group often align with same-gender peer groups, which actively encourage behaviors that conform to traditional gender roles. For instance, boys may be discouraged from engaging in activities perceived as feminine, reinforcing culturally dictated norms about masculinity...