气候变化和性别脆弱性:对妇女健康状况的系统审查
Gulnaz Anjum1,2, Mudassar Aziz1
1Department of Psychology, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
Women's health (London, England)
|March 12, 2025
概括
气候变化对低收入和中等收入国家 (LMICs) 的妇女造成了不成比例的伤害,恶化了心理健康和照顾负担. 针对性别的政策对于气候适应和增强妇女的性至关重要.
科学领域:
- 环境健康 环境健康
- 性别研究是性别研究.
- 全球健康 全球健康
背景情况:
- 气候变化是一个迫切的全球威胁,不成比例地影响低收入和中等收入国家 (LMICs) 的妇女.
- 性别角色,社会经济,文化和环境因素加剧了女性对气候变化的脆弱性.
- 这些脆弱性表现为增加的心理健康问题,水资源不安全,卫生挑战和照顾者的责任.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查气候变化和女性性别健康脆弱性的交叉点.
- 探索气候变化如何加剧性别特异性健康风险.
- 确定整合性别响应性政策的途径,以减轻健康影响.
主要方法:
- 按照Arksey和O'Malley的框架进行系统审查,涵盖2011年1月至2024年1月的研究.
- 在Web of Science和Scopus数据库中使用与气候变化,妇女健康和性别不平等相关的关键词进行的搜索.
- 数据提取的重点是研究设计,主要发现和关于气候变化对LMIC女性的影响的局限性.
主要成果:
- 在2163项选的研究中,有61项研究表明,气候变化加剧了现有的性别不平等.
- 关键影响包括增加的心理健康挑战,不利的孕产妇/新生儿结果,增加的水资源不安全,以及加剧的护理负担.
- 在LMIC中,女性面临更大的脆弱性,因为对资源,医疗保健和决策的获取有限,阻碍了适应能力.
结论:
- 迫切需要采取性别敏感的气候政策,应对直接的健康影响和更广泛的决定因素.
- 有效的气候适应战略必须整合性别观点,以考虑到妇女的特殊脆弱性.
- 通过获得资源和决策来赋予妇女权力,对于提高应对气候变化的弹性和适应能力至关重要.
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