在艾滋病毒暴露后预防访问期间的乙型肝炎预防干预措施:回顾性图表审查
Emma B Monti1, Danae Penichet2, Monica Rudd3,4
1School of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
International journal of STD & AIDS
|March 12, 2025
概括
乙型肝炎病毒 (HBV) 查和预防对于艾滋病毒风险较高的人来说至关重要. 接触HIV暴露后预防 (PEP) 为HBV检测和接种疫苗提供了机会,但目前的做法显示HBV管理中的不一致性.
科学领域:
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 病毒学 病毒学
背景情况:
- 乙型肝炎病毒 (HBV) 不成比例地影响人类免疫缺陷病毒 (HIV) 风险人口.
- 对艾滋病毒暴露后预防 (PEP) 的遭遇为HBV查和预防性干预提供了一个关键的窗口.
- 了解HBV流行率和免疫状态对于这一高风险人群至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 量化HBV流行率,易感性以及在寻求HIVPEP的患者中使用主动/被动免疫的情况.
- 评估在接受HIV PEP的个体中遵守HBV预防指南.
- 确定在HIV PEP环境中改善HBV管理的领域.
主要方法:
- 从2001年到2021年,在一家学术医院申请HIV PEP的患者的回顾性图表审查.
- 根据实验室测试结果将患者分为免疫或敏感的HBV类别.
- 在HBV敏感个体中,对HBV疫苗和/或乙型肝炎免疫球蛋白 (HBIG) 管理的量化.
主要成果:
- 总共分析了2018年的PEP情节,其中75.3%是性接触.
- 在1593名具有HBV检测数据的参与者中,0.4%为HBsAg阳性;19.8%为HBV敏感.
- 只有13.8%的易受感染的参与者接受了HBIG,35.8%接受了HBV疫苗接种,这表明不一致的准则遵守.
结论:
- 虽然HBV的患病率很低,但在寻求HIVPEP的患者中,很大一部分患者对HBV敏感.
- 使用HBIG与当前的建议不一致,敏感个体中的HBV疫苗接种率低于最佳.
- 系统的HBV检测,增加疫苗接种和合理的HBIG使用对于寻求HIVPEP的个人至关重要.
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