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解读长期暴露于传统和可生物降解的微塑料对土壤微生物群的影响

Wenbo Deng¹, Xiaoqi Zhang¹, Wenjuan Liu¹

¹Shanxi Key Laboratory for Ecological Restoration of Loess Plateau China, Observation and Research Station of the Ministry of Education of Shanxi Subalpine Grassland Ecosystem, Institute of Loess Plateau, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.

Journal of hazardous materials

|March 12, 2025

概括

长期暴露于微塑料 (MPs),特别是生物降解的MPs (BMPs),显著改变了土壤微生物群落,影响了碳和循环等功能. 暴露时间是一个关键因素,比塑料类型更重要.

科学领域:

环境科学环境科学
微生物学微生物学
土壤科学土壤科学
聚合物科学聚合物科学

背景情况:

微塑料 (MP) 是普遍存在的环境污染物.
了解MP,特别是生物降解MP (BMP) 对土壤生态系统的长期生态影响仍然有限.
以前的研究主要集中在短期暴露的影响上.

研究的目的:

系统地比较四种普遍存在的微塑料 (两个传统的MP和两个BMP) 对土壤微生物群落的短期和长期影响.
调查暴露时间和聚合物类型对土壤微生物组合和功能的影响.
评估与用可生物降解替代品取代传统塑料相关的潜在风险.

主要方法:

在短期和长期的土壤暴露下,系统地比较四种普遍存在的微塑料类型 (两种常规,两种可生物降解).
分析土壤微生物群落的组成和结构.
PERMANOVA分析以确定暴露时间与聚合物类型的相对重要性.

主要成果:

短期MP暴露对土壤微生物群落没有显著影响.
长期暴露显著改变了土壤微生物组成,丰富了适应MP的微生物 (例如,原细菌,动细菌),并减少了其他微生物 (例如,酸性细菌).
暴露时间是微生物组变异的更重要的驱动因素,而不是聚合物类型.
可生物降解的MPs (BMPs) 显示出比传统的MPs (CMPs) 更强烈的效果,原因是释放的衍生物如溶解有机物.
微生物的遗传潜力转向了脂质代谢和异生菌降解,遗传信息处理能力减弱.
在长期暴露于MP下,土壤碳代谢和转化受到干扰.

结论:

微塑料对土壤微生物的生态影响取决于时间.
长期接触微塑料,特别是生物降解类型,对土壤微生物群落的结构和功能构成重大风险.
传统塑料被生物降解塑料广泛替代可能对土壤生态系统产生意想不到的负面影响.

关键词:

可生物降解的微塑料生态网络生态网络长期影响长期影响微生物的功能微生物的功能土壤微生物群

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