半球不对称,古神经学,以及人类的进化
1Departamento de Paleobiología, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, Madrid, Spain; Reina Sofia Alzheimer Center, CIEN Foundation, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.
Handbook of clinical neurology
|March 12, 2025
概括
化石原始人大脑的不对称性,包括内形状和手性,看起来与现代人类相似. 目前的证据不支持Homo sapiens中的大脑不对称性作为独特的衍生特征.
科学领域:
- 古神经神经病学 (paleoneurology) 是一种古神经病学.
- 人类进化人类进化
- 比较解剖学的比较解剖学
背景情况:
- 大脑不对称性是人类的标志性特征,与语言和手性有关.
- 与猿类相比,人类大脑不对称的独特性是有争议的,可能是程度而不是类型的问题.
- 了解化石原始人大脑形态对于进化见解至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 引入古神经学和对化石原始人类大脑形态学的研究.
- 审查影响内腔不对称性的解剖因素.
- 评估已灭绝的原始人类的大脑不对称性是否与现代人类有根本差异.
主要方法:
- 关于化石原始人类大脑形态学的古神经学证据的审查.
- 解剖学因素的分析:皮层体积,形状和血管特征.
- 考量古老人类和尼安德特人的手性行为数据.
主要成果:
- 古神经学数据表明,大多数已灭绝的人类物种表现出与现代人类相比的大脑内分泌不对称性.
- 行为证据表明,古人类和尼安德特人具有相似程度的横向性 (手性).
- 目前没有证据支持人类大脑的不对称性作为一种衍生的进化特征.
结论:
- 在Homo sapiens的大脑不对称性可能不代表与灭绝的原始人相比具有独特的衍生特征.
- 由于大脑大小增加而导致的比例变化仍然可以推动显著的认知进化.
- 需要对化石人类的内形态发生,拓学,生物力学和组织学进行进一步的研究,以了解不对称的起源.
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