对人类大脑不对称性的大规模遗传映射
1Language & Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Handbook of clinical neurology
|March 12, 2025
概括
最近的研究将特定的基因与人类大脑的不对称性和手性联系起来,主要是在早期发育过程中活跃. 了解这些遗传联系可能会为神经发育和精神疾病提供洞察力.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 遗传学 遗传学 是一个
- 发展生物学 发展生物学
背景情况:
- 左右脑不对称对于语言和运动控制等认知功能至关重要.
- 在精神疾病中观察到大脑不对称性的变化.
- 最近的遗传研究已经确定了与大脑不对称性和手性变异相关的特定基因.
研究的目的:
- 总结一下最近在识别与人类大脑不对称性相关的基因方面的进展.
- 探索大脑不对称的发育起源和细胞机制.
- 研究影响不对称的基因与精神/神经疾病之间的联系.
主要方法:
- 大规模的全基因组关联研究 (GWAS) 在大型参与者队列 (16,000至超过150万) 中.
- 在胚胎和胎儿发育期间分析基因表达模式.
- 对与精神病和神经疾病的遗传关联的审查.
主要成果:
- 确定影响人类大脑不对称性和手性特征的特定基因.
- 隐含的基因通常在早期大脑发育期间最活跃.
- 几种已识别的基因编码微管或微管相关蛋白质,对于细胞骨结构至关重要.
- 发现了自闭症和精神分裂症的多基因风险和结构性大脑不对称性之间的关联.
结论:
- 影响大脑不对称性的基因主要在早期发育期间活跃,影响大脑的左右轴.
- 了解这些遗传机制是解读神经发育和精神疾病病因的关键.
- 对发育途径的进一步研究可能有助于根据半球专业化定义大脑疾病的亚型.
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