在1285名学龄前儿童中,特定情感理解组件的发展
Sylvie Richard1,2, Thalia Cavadini3, Nathalie Dalla-Libera4
1Faculty of Psychology and Educational Science, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. sylvie.richard@hepvs.ch.
Scientific reports
|March 13, 2025
概括
在3-5岁的学龄前儿童中,情感理解的发展. 面部识别比根据外部原因识别或标记情绪要快得多.
科学领域:
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 认知科学 认知科学
- 儿童心理学 儿童心理学
背景情况:
- 情感理解对于社会互动至关重要.
- 学前年龄是发展情感理解的关键时期.
- 以前的研究表明,不同情绪组件的发展轨迹不同.
研究的目的:
- 在一大批学龄前儿童中调查特定情感理解技能的发展进展.
- 为了比较无上下文的面部情感识别与基于外部原因的情感理解的掌握.
- 在情感理解中识别与年龄相关的差异和特定任务的模式.
主要方法:
- 一项涉及1285名3至5岁学龄前儿童的横截面研究.
- 利用了三个任务:无上下文的面部情绪识别,从情境原因中识别情绪,并从原因中标记情绪.
- 评估了四种主要情绪 (快乐,愤怒,悲伤,恐惧) 和中立表达的理解.
主要成果:
- 随着年龄的增长,从3岁到5岁的整体情感理解显著改善.
- 无上下文面部识别通常在识别或标记情绪来自外部原因之前就已经掌握了.
- 标记面部表情是最具挑战性的任务;中性表情始终是所有任务和年龄段中最难识别的.
- 当外部原因被介绍时,快乐是最被认可的情绪,而恐惧和中立的表达仍然是最困难的.
- 愤怒和悲伤的识别随着年龄的增长而改善,愤怒和悲伤在3岁时比快乐更好地被识别,但快乐在5岁时超越了它们.
结论:
- 幼儿园儿童在3至5岁之间在情感理解方面表现出显著的进步.
- 情感理解的特定组成部分,如面部识别,以不同的速度发展.
- 从外部环境中理解情绪并给它们贴上标签对幼儿来说比基本的面部识别更具挑战.
- 有针对性的干预措施可能有助于提高识别和标记不那么明显的情绪,特别是中性表达和恐惧.
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