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超高剂量辐射对DNA的影响:单链断裂和基损伤

Yucheng Wang1, Yan Zhang1, Chenyang Huang1

  • 1Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China.

International journal of molecular sciences
|March 13, 2025
PubMed
概括

与常规剂量率 (CONV) 照射相比,超高剂量率 (UHDR) 照射显著减少了DNA损伤,包括单链断裂 (SSB) 和基损伤. 这一发现对于理解放射生物学的FLASH效应至关重要.

关键词:
闪光效应 (Flash Effect) 是一个闪光效应.基地损伤损伤的基础.塑中的度度单链断裂断裂是一种单链断裂.超高剂量率辐射的超高剂量率辐射.

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Overview
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Fixing Double-strand Breaks

The double-stranded structure of DNA has two major advantages. First, it serves as a safe repository of genetic information where one strand serves as the back-up in case the other strand is damaged. Second, the double-helical structure can be wrapped around proteins called histones to form nucleosomes, which can then be tightly wound to form chromosomes. This way, DNA chains up to 2 inches long can be contained within microscopic structures in a cell. A double-stranded break not only damages...
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Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
Chromosomal Alterations Are Large-Scale Mutations
While point mutations are changes in a single nucleotide in...
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DNA Distortion and Damage
Cells are regularly exposed to mutagens—factors in the environment that can damage DNA and generate mutations. UV radiation is one of the most common mutagens and is estimated to introduce a significant number of changes in DNA. These include bends or kinks in the structure, which can block DNA replication or transcription. If these errors are not fixed, the damage can cause mutations, which in turn can result in cancer or disease depending on which sequences are...
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Spontaneous and Induced Mutations

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