食纤维对人类炎症的影响
Stefan Kabisch1,2, Jasmin Hajir1,2, Varvara Sukhobaevskaia1,2
1Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité University Medicine, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany.
摄入大量的食纤维,特别是不溶性纤维,与降低患2型糖尿病和心血管疾病等慢性疾病的风险有关. 需要更多的研究来证实炎症管理的特定纤维建议.
科学领域:
- 营养科学 营养科学
- 炎症研究 炎症研究
- 预防慢性疾病 预防慢性疾病
背景情况:
- 高摄入谷物纤维和全谷物与2型糖尿病,癌症和心血管疾病的风险较低相关.
- 这些慢性疾病通常与炎症有关,这是与衰老和代谢综合征相关的慢性炎症状态.
- 不溶性纤维比溶性纤维具有更强的保护性,部分原因是水果等常见溶性纤维来源中的糖含量.
研究的目的:
- 审查当前有关纤维丰富饮食和食纤维对人类炎症系统影响的知识.
- 探索食纤维抗炎作用背后的潜在机制.
- 突出研究结果的异质性和需要更明确的结论.
主要方法:
- 对饮食纤维摄入量和健康结果的观察和干预研究的审查.
- 对特定纤维类型 (胰岛素,耐性粉,点,β-葡萄糖,,不溶性纤维) 的研究分析.
- 检查拟议的作用机制,包括免疫细胞的影响,短链脂肪酸生产,肠道微生物组调节和荷尔蒙变化.
主要成果:
- 富含纤维的饮食对炎症有有益影响,尽管混营养素是一个因素.
- 胰岛素和耐药粉显示出明显的短期抗炎作用;其他的效果不那么令人信服.
- 不溶性纤维显示有希望,但数据稀少.
- 提出的机制包括免疫细胞调节,SCFA,微生物组变化,胆酸代谢,肠道激素释放和改善胰岛素抵抗.
结论:
- 食纤维,特别是不溶性纤维,在降低慢性炎症疾病的风险方面发挥着重要作用.
- 虽然提出了几种机制,包括肠道微生物组调节和SCFA生产,但具体纤维建议的最终结论受到研究异质性的限制.
- 需要进一步的研究,以阐明不同纤维类型在控制炎症和预防慢性疾病方面的精确作用.
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