纳米塑料作为内分泌功能的基因和表观遗传调节剂:一个前景
Massimo Aloisi1, Anna Maria Giuseppina Poma1
1Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, I-67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
International journal of molecular sciences
|March 13, 2025
概括
纳米塑料 (NP) 构成环境风险,通过氧化应激和内分泌干扰对生物产生影响. 需要进一步的研究来了解它们对人类健康的长期影响和分子机制.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 毒理学 毒理学 毒理学
- 分子生物学分子生物学
背景情况:
- 纳米塑料 (NP) 是来自塑料降解的普遍环境污染物.
- 鉴定NP是具有挑战性的,因为复杂的方法和高成本.
- NP的生物效应与其物理和化学特性有关.
研究的目的:
- 审查纳米塑料 (NP) 的生物效应.
- 探索NP对各种生物系统和潜在健康风险的影响.
- 突出NP毒理学的研究缺口和未来方向.
主要方法:
- 审查现有的研究纳米塑料毒性在模型生物体 (例如, *Daphnia magna*, *Danio rerio*,小鼠) 的现有研究.
- 分析NP对细胞过程,内分泌功能和神经行为的影响.
- 检查人类暴露和潜在健康影响的证据.
主要成果:
- 在动物模型中,NP暴露会诱导氧化应激,炎症,DNA损伤和代谢变化.
- 核子作为内分泌干扰剂,影响激素调节,并可能导致跨代表观遗传效应.
- 观察到的行为和神经功能变化表明NP对神经递质系统的影响.
- 人体样本 (母乳,胎盘) 中NP的存在表明了暴露途径.
结论:
- 纳米塑料带来了重大的环境和健康问题.
- 进一步的研究,特别是对遗传和表观遗传标记的研究,对于理解NP分子机制和慢性暴露风险至关重要.
- 研究人类健康影响需要更广泛的研究,因为有初步证据.
相关概念视频
01:37Epigenetic Regulation
3.0K
Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
X-chromosome...
3.0K
01:31Transducer Mechanism: Nuclear Receptors
1.3K
Nuclear receptors, or NRs, are unique transcription factors that regulate gene transcription and affect the cellular pathways involved in reproduction, development, or metabolism. Their ability to be stimulated by small lipophilic ligands and control vital cellular processes makes them ideal drug targets. Nearly 10-15% of currently prescribed drugs target these receptors.
About 48 different soluble family members of nuclear receptors are identified that can be divided into two main classes:
About 48 different soluble family members of nuclear receptors are identified that can be divided into two main classes:
1.3K
01:24Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming
1.8K
Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for...
1.8K
02:30Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance
33.1K
Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
33.1K
01:45Endocrine Signaling
63.9K
Endocrine cells produce hormones to communicate with remote target cells found in other organs. The hormone reaches these distant areas using the circulatory system. This exposes the whole organism to the hormone but only those cells expressing hormone receptors or target cells are affected. Thus, endocrine signaling induces slow responses from its target cells but these effects also last longer.
63.9K
02:39lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs
8.4K
In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
8.4K