结核病患者的营养因素和食物和营养不安全性
Yasmim Costa Mendes1, Ana Larysse Lacerda Dourado1, Patricia Vieira de Oliveira1
1Graduate Program in Biosciences Applied to Health, CEUMA University, São Luís 65075-120, MA, Brazil.
Nutrients
|March 13, 2025
概括
社会经济因素,如低教育和营养不良,包括维生素D缺乏,与巴西活跃的肺结核有关. 超重个体也表现出更高的风险,突出进一步研究的需要.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 营养科学 营养科学
背景情况:
- 巴西面临着高结核病 (TB) 病例负担,由社会经济决定因素加剧.
- 诸如住房贫困,医疗保健受限和粮食不安全等因素增加了对结核病的脆弱性.
- 了解这些关联对于有针对性的公共卫生干预至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 确定与巴西活跃肺结核相关的社会人口学,营养和人类学因素.
- 调查粮食不安全和特定维生素缺乏在结核病发展中的作用.
- 为结核病预防和控制策略提供信息.
主要方法:
- 一项涉及65名活跃肺结核患者和73名控制者的病例控制研究,在巴西马拉纳州圣路易斯市 (2022-2024年).
- 数据收集包括社会人口统计信息,通过验证问卷 (ELSA-BRASIL) 验证的营养状况,食品不安全性评估 (EBIA) 和身体质量指数 (BMI) 计算.
- 统计分析确定了与活跃结核病相关的因素.
主要成果:
- 结核病患者主要是男性 (73.8%),血统混合 (69.4%),教育程度低 (73.4%),平均年龄为39岁.
- 显著比例的结核病患者体重不足 (26.2%) 和经历了粮食不安全 (64%).
- 低教育水平,不充分的维生素D摄入量和超重 (BMI) 与活性肺结核有显著的关联.
结论:
- 巴西的活跃肺结核与教育程度低,维生素D缺乏和超重有关.
- 在结核病患者中观察到的粮食不安全和维生素E缺乏的高患病率.
- 结果强调需要进行纵向研究来验证这些发现并指导公共卫生政策.
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