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相关概念视频

Speciation Rates01:07

Speciation Rates

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Overview
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Threats to Biodiversity01:50

Threats to Biodiversity

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There have been five major extinction events throughout geological history, resulting in the elimination of biodiversity, followed by a rebound of species that adapted to the new conditions. In the current geological epoch, the Holocene, there is a sixth extinction event in progress. This mass extinction has been attributed to human activities and is thus provisionally called the Anthropocene. In 2019 the human population reached 7.7 billion people and is projected to comprise 10 billion by...
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Types of Selection01:46

Types of Selection

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Natural selection influences the frequencies of particular alleles and phenotypes within populations in several different ways. Primarily, natural selection can be directional, stabilizing, or disruptive. Directional selection favors one extreme trait and shifts the population towards that phenotype while selecting against individuals displaying alternate traits. Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate trait with a narrow range of variation. Deviation from the optimal phenotype towards an...
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The Fossil Record02:56

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The fossil record documents only a small fraction of all organisms that have ever inhabited Earth. Fossilization is a rare process, and most organisms never become fossils. Moreover, the fossil record only exhibits fossils that have been discovered. Nevertheless, sedimentary rock fossils of long-lived, abundant, hard-bodied organisms dominate the fossil record. These fossils offer valuable information, such as an organism's physical form, behavior, and age. Studying the fossil record helps...
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The Evidence for Evolution02:55

The Evidence for Evolution

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Genetic variations accumulating within populations over generations give rise to biological evolution. Evolutionary changes can result in the formation of novel varieties and entire new species. These changes are responsible for the diverse forms of life inhabiting the planet. The evidence for evolution suggests that all living organisms descended from common ancestors.
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Organisms that are well-adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. However, natural selection does not lead to perfectly adapted organisms. Several factors constrain natural selection.
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相关实验视频

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Resurrection of Dormant Daphnia magna: Protocol and Applications
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Resurrection of Dormant Daphnia magna: Protocol and Applications

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大量灭绝的选择性:模式,过程和未来的方向.

Jonathan L Payne1, Jood A Al Aswad1, Curtis Deutsch2

  • 1Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.

Cambridge prisms. Extinction
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概括

大规模灭绝事件是由不断变化的环境条件驱动的,而不仅仅是背景灭绝的加剧. 生理特征和环境变化解释了灭绝模式,但生态依赖仍然是一个挑战.

关键词:
生理学 生理学 生理学生物多样性生物多样性气候气候气候气候气候气候气候气候气候生态学生态学是什么灭绝的灭绝是一种灭绝.

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科学领域:

  • 古生物学的古生物学
  • 地球科学 地球科学 地球科学
  • 进化生物学 进化生物学

背景情况:

  • 大量灭绝是关键的进化事件.
  • 了解灭绝选择性模式是识别驱动因素的关键.
  • 将大规模灭绝驱动因素与背景灭绝区分开来是一个核心问题.

研究的目的:

  • 调查大规模灭绝是否加剧了背景灭绝或引入了新的驱动因素.
  • 在大规模灭绝事件期间量化灭绝选择性模式.
  • 通过生理学和地球系统模型,将环境变化与灭绝模式联系起来.

主要方法:

  • 对化石发生数据库的分析,以量化灭绝选择性.
  • 对现存种类进行生理实验,以评估对环境变化的耐受性.
  • 地球系统建模整合地化学代理,环境变化和息地丧失预测.

主要成果:

  • 大规模灭绝的选择性不同于背景模式.
  • 在大规模灭绝期间,地理范围不那么重要;生理特征 (呼吸,循环) 显示出更大的选择性.
  • 环境变化,生理特征和息地丧失相互作用,解释了灭绝选择性.

结论:

  • 大规模灭绝涉及不同的驱动机制和选择性模式.
  • 基于生理学的模型在解释灭绝选择性方面表现有前途.
  • 量化初级与二级灭绝和提炼模型对于预测和减轻当前生物多样性丧失至关重要.