甲纪末期的植物灭绝:异质性,生态系统转变,以及对未来的见解
Peter Wilf1, Mónica R Carvalho2, Elena Stiles3
1Department of Geosciences and Earth and Environmental Systems Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
Cambridge prisms. Extinction
|March 13, 2025
概括
纪-古纪大灭绝导致了大量的陆地植物物种丧失,这与之前的假设相反. 新出现的数据揭示了陆地生态系统的深刻,地理上多样化的灭绝和转变.
科学领域:
- 古生物学的古生物学
- 地球科学 地球科学 地球科学
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
背景情况:
- 在6602万年前的白纪-古纪 (K-Pg) 大规模灭绝事件导致了全球物种的大幅丧失.
- 虽然动物和浮游生物的灭绝记录得很好,但对陆地植物的影响,特别是在家族或主要分类层面上,仍然存在争议.
- 之前的研究表明,K-Pg植物的全球灭绝有限,重点关注区域物种的灭绝.
研究的目的:
- 调查K-Pg大规模灭绝对陆地植物多样性的程度.
- 分析来自美洲的新兴古植物学数据,以评估植物灭绝率.
- 了解影响植物损失和恢复的地理异质性的因素.
主要方法:
- 来自美洲的新兴古植物学数据的审查.
- 对物种级灭绝模式和恢复趋势的分析.
- 灭绝异质性的相关性与诸如撞击近距离和环境缓冲等因素.
主要成果:
- 证据强烈支持K-Pg事件期间陆地植物的严重 (通常>50%) 物种损失.
- 观察到地理上异质的灭绝模式,受到来自奇克苏鲁布撞击地点的距离和环境缓冲的影响.
- K-Pg事件引发了陆地生态系统的重大变化,包括树种子的主导地位和新热带雨林生物群的起源.
结论:
- K-Pg大规模灭绝对陆地植物物种多样性产生了深远的影响,与此前对有限的全球影响的解释相反.
- 灭绝的地理差异反映了撞击造成的不同环境压力.
- 这些植物灭绝从根本上重塑了陆地生态系统,与当前的第六次大规模灭绝有潜在的相似之处.
相关概念视频
The Fossil Record
24.9K
The fossil record documents only a small fraction of all organisms that have ever inhabited Earth. Fossilization is a rare process, and most organisms never become fossils. Moreover, the fossil record only exhibits fossils that have been discovered. Nevertheless, sedimentary rock fossils of long-lived, abundant, hard-bodied organisms dominate the fossil record. These fossils offer valuable information, such as an organism's physical form, behavior, and age. Studying the fossil record helps...
24.9K
What is Evolutionary History?
36.1K
Scientists record evolutionary history by analyzing fossil, morphological, and genetic data. The fossil record documents the history of life on Earth and provides evidence for evolution. However, both fossil and living organisms offer evidence that outlines Earth’s evolutionary history.
36.1K
Threats to Biodiversity
22.0K
There have been five major extinction events throughout geological history, resulting in the elimination of biodiversity, followed by a rebound of species that adapted to the new conditions. In the current geological epoch, the Holocene, there is a sixth extinction event in progress. This mass extinction has been attributed to human activities and is thus provisionally called the Anthropocene. In 2019 the human population reached 7.7 billion people and is projected to comprise 10 billion by...
22.0K
Non-vascular Seedless Plants
63.1K
The diverse plant life on Earth—consisting of nearly 400,000 species—can be divided into three broad categories based on biological characteristics: nonvascular, seedless vascular, and seed plants.
63.1K
Conservation of Declining Populations
9.6K
Conservation of declining population focuses on ways of detecting, diagnosing, and halting a population decline. The approach uses methods to prevent populations from going extinct.
9.6K
What is an Ecosystem?
39.2K
Overview
39.2K


