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集体逃生波提供了针对不同鸟类捕食者的通用防御

David Bierbach^1,2,3, Juliane Lukas^1,2, Luis Gómez-Nava^3,4

¹Department of Biology and Ecology of Fishes, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 310, Berlin 12587, Germany.

Royal Society open science

|March 13, 2025

概括

鱼类的集体行为,就像同步的逃生波一样,可以威各种捕食者. 这种一般的反捕食者策略可以利用捕食者视觉系统的常见弱点,提高幼鱼的生存率.

科学领域:

生态生态学生态生态学
动物行为动物行为
进化生物学进化生物学

背景情况:

动物物种的集体行为往往源于简单的相互作用规则.
一个关键的问题是,这些机制的普遍性是否转化为功能性的普遍性,特别是在反掠食者战略中.
这项研究调查的是,单一的集体行为是否能提供对各种掠食者的保护.

研究的目的:

为了确定适应硫的鱼类的集体潜水行为 (逃生波) 是否对各种鸟类捕食者提供了一般的抗捕食者好处.
分析不同鸟类捕食物种对鱼类逃生波的反应.
探索反掠食者效应普遍性的根本原因.

主要方法:

现场观测墨西哥适应硫的鱼群被各种鸟类所攻击.
对鱼类的集体潜水行为 (逃生波) 进行量化,以应对捕食者遭遇.
分析鸟类攻击延迟和波浪触发行为在最初的攻击之前和之后.
模拟鸟类的到来,以评估基于视觉线索的捕食者感知.

主要成果:

所有观察到的鸟类物种都在遇到更多的鱼类逃生波时表现出更长的攻击延迟,无论是在第一次攻击之前还是在随后的攻击之间.
虽然所有鸟类类在袭击后触发了相似数量的波浪,但在袭击前的波浪数量和间隔在物种之间有所不同.
模拟表明,捕食者对威胁的感知受到尺寸,颜色和对比度等视觉因素的影响.

结论:

鱼类的集体逃生波显示出对多种鸟类掠食者有效的一般反掠食者功能.
对各种捕食者的持续影响表明,这些波浪利用了视觉处理中的共同漏洞.
这种集体行为提供了强大的防御机制,突出了同步动物行为的功能普遍性.

关键词:

鸟类鸟类鸟类鸟类鸟类集体行为是一种集体行为.逃生行为逃生行为极端爱好鱼类是一种极端爱好鱼类.鱼类鱼类鱼类鱼类的鱼类鱼类.捕食掠食掠食掠食

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