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注意力集中对年长和年轻成年人双重任务行走表现的影响
Alice Brochado Campolina1, Nathália Laísa Rodrigues Machado2, Alysson Fernandes Mazoni3
1Rehabilitation Sciences Graduate Program, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
Journal of motor behavior
|March 13, 2025
概括
注意力集中并没有显著影响年轻人和老年人的双重任务行走表现. 虽然年轻的成年人走得更快,但无论是内部还是外部的焦点都没有改变步态或溢出,这表明对此任务的关注指令不那么重要.
科学领域:
- 生物力学 生物力学
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 老年学是指老年学的学科.
背景情况:
- 双重任务,比如携带物体同时走路,会给人带来挑战,尤其对老年人来说.
- 之前的研究表明,外部焦点 (EF) 可能比内部焦点 (IF) 更有利于运动任务.
- 了解对双重任务行走的注意力影响对于老年人群的移动性和跌倒预防至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 研究不同注意焦点 (内部,外部,没有) 对年轻人和老年人的双重任务行走表现的影响.
- 在不同的注意力条件下,比较年龄组之间的步态参数和物体溢出.
- 为了确定注意力集中是否会改变步行速度对双重任务性能的影响.
主要方法:
- 84名健康参与者 (42名年轻人,42名老年人) 进行了一项双重任务:携带满杯的杯子走路.
- 操纵了步行速度 (舒适,快速) 和注意力集中 (内部,外部,没有).
- 步行参数 (速度,节奏,步骤长度/持续时间,骨盆加速变化) 用惯性传感器测量;泄漏量以克计量.
主要成果:
- 年轻的成年人表现出比老年人更快的步行速度 (p < 0.001).
- 与单一任务相比,双重任务中的步行速度下降 (p = 0.003),并且在舒适的速度下更慢 (p < 0.001).
- 对大多数参数 (p ≥0.056) 没有观察到注意力集中的主要显著影响,尽管与速度的轻微相互作用影响了泄漏 (p = 0.041).
结论:
- 注意力集中指令 (内部,外部或没有) 在健康的年轻人和老年人中没有显著改变双重任务行走性能.
- 年龄和步行速度是重要的因素,但注意力操纵对步态或任务成功的影响很小.
- 这些发现表明,注意力策略在优化这群人群中双重任务行走方面可能起到有限的作用.
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