人工智能 (ChatGPT 4.0) 与人类专业知识对发作和成人的诊断和分类:一项探索性研究
Francesco Brigo1, Serena Broggi2, Gionata Strigaro3
1Innovation, Research and Teaching Service, Teaching Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical Private University (PMU), Azienda Sanitaria dell'Alto Adige, Bolzano-Bozen, Italy.
Epilepsy & behavior : E&B
|March 13, 2025
概括
人工智能 (AI) 工具在诊断方面表现有前途,但ChatGPT表现出高灵敏度但低特异性,需要人类监督才能进行准确的临床判断. 需要进一步开发人工智能,以最佳地整合到治疗中.
科学领域:
- 神经学 神经学
- 人工智能的人工智能
- 医学诊断 医学诊断 医学诊断
背景情况:
- 像ChatGPT这样的人工智能 (AI) 工具有可能提高临床环境中的诊断准确性和效率.
- 评估人工智能在诊断诸如等复杂神经疾病中的作用至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 评估ChatGPT在成年患者的发作,及其病因分类中的诊断性能.
- 将ChatGPT的诊断能力与经验丰富的病学家和神经病学家进行比较.
主要方法:
- 一项前性模拟研究利用了37个成年病例的临床细节.
- 聊天GPT接受了国际抗联盟 (ILAE) 诊断和分类指南的培训.
- 使用灵敏度,特异性,正预测值 (PPV),负预测值 (NPV) 和科恩的卡帕 (κ) 测量诊断准确度,与高级病学家的标准相比.
主要成果:
- 在检测发作和诊断时,ChatGPT获得了高灵敏度 (≥96.9%),但其特异性较低,导致错误阳性.
- 人工智能工具在诊断综合征 (κ=1.00) 和结构性病因方面表现出色 (准确率为90.0%),但在模两可的病例和罕见病因方面遇到了困难.
- 人类专家的表现始终优于ChatGPT,实现了近乎完美的准确性和更高的一致性 (κ值).
结论:
- 聊天GPT显示出作为治疗中的辅助诊断工具的潜力,但由于特异性和临床细微差别的局限性,需要人类监督.
- 需要进一步的研究和开发,包括对各种数据集的培训,以提高诊断中的AI性能.
- 将人工智能工具与专家临床医生集成,可以优化诊断工作流程,改善管理中的患者结果.
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