可能影响私人机构对枪支转让进行背景调查的因素:混合方法描述性研究
Rose M C Kagawa1, Alexander D McCourt2, LeAnn Gajunia3
1Violence Prevention Research Program, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, USA rkagawa@ucdavis.edu.
概括
对私人枪支销售的普遍背景调查 (UBC) 法律的执行很少,尽管公众支持很高,但起诉率很低. 很少有努力鼓励合规,导致许多人因为感知低风险而绕过检查.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 犯罪学 犯罪学
- 法律与政策 法律与政策
背景情况:
- 全球背景调查 (UBC) 旨在通过监管私人销售来提高枪支安全.
- 了解UBC法律的实际实施和执法对于评估其有效性至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 检查普遍背景调查 (UBC) 法律的实施和执行如何影响美国私人枪支转让的背景调查使用情况.
主要方法:
- 一项混合方法描述性研究,分析州法规,判决数据,起诉记录,教育努力和关键线人采访.
- 包括来自19个州的2019年UBC法律和特定司法管辖区的起诉分析数据.
主要成果:
- 有关于合法私人枪支转让的信息可用,但鼓励背景调查的有说服力的材料很少.
- 虽然UBC违规行为存在处罚 (12个月的监禁,5000美元的罚款),但起诉率非常低.
- 公众对UBC的支持很高,但一些枪支所有者认为这些法律的效用很低.
结论:
- 对私人枪支转让的UBC法律的执法并不频繁,卖家要求进行背景调查的倡导有限.
- 缺乏社会或法律压力可能会导致个人避免进行背景调查.
- 调查结果可以为改善执法和遵守私人枪支转让背景调查法律的策略提供信息.
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