由双极化疗-突触神经元启动的信号协调混合神经通路
Shi Luo1,2, Shen Zhang1,2, Daizong Ji1,2
1State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
Journal of the American Chemical Society
|March 14, 2025
概括
研究人员开发了一种新型的人工内核神经元, 这一突破可以为神经假肢等先进的神经电子应用创造混合神经通路.
科学领域:
- 神经科学
- 生物仿真工程
- 材料科学
背景情况:
- 人机融合需要与生物系统相容的混合神经通路.
- 现有的人工内神经元缺乏基于不同神经递质的编码信息的能力,与生物对应物相比,它们的激活值和频率响应不匹配.
- 这限制了神经假体,神经康复和神经电子应用的信号协调混合神经通路的构建.
研究的目的:
- 开发一种能够以可生物识别的尖端序列编码信息的新型人工神经元.
- 在人造内神经元中实现神经递质依赖的频率调节.
- 为神经电子应用构建一个信号协调的混合传感路径.
主要方法:
- 一个双极化学突触内部神经元的发展.
- 在生物模拟范式中使用双极突触编码峰值频率.
- 突触对刺激性和抑制性神经递质的动态反应
- 时间序列的化学信号转化为尖峰序列.
主要成果:
- 开发的双极化学突触内部神经元实现了迄今为止最低的激活值 (6. 25μM) 和最高的频率响应率 (0. 55 Hz μM-1),紧密模仿生物对应物.
- 通过激发性和抑制性神经递质,首次成功构建了信号协调的混合感应运动通路.
- 在小鼠模型中有效编码上游机械刺激并调节下游腿部摆动频率,平衡神经活动.
结论:
- 这种新型双极化学突触内部神经元代表了人工神经元技术的重大进步.
- 这种发展有助于创建高度生物化的杂交神经通路,用于增强神经假体和神经康复.
- 一个协调信号的感觉运动通路的成功构建表明了生物和人工神经系统的无整合的潜力.
相关概念视频
Synaptic Signaling
5.4K
Neurons communicate at synapses, or junctions, to excite or inhibit the activity of other neurons or target cells, such as muscles. Synapses may be chemical or electrical.
Most synapses are chemical, meaning an electrical impulse or action potential spurs the release of chemical messengers called neurotransmitters. The neuron sending the signal is called the presynaptic neuron, and the neuron receiving the signal is the postsynaptic neuron.
The presynaptic neuron fires an action potential that...
Most synapses are chemical, meaning an electrical impulse or action potential spurs the release of chemical messengers called neurotransmitters. The neuron sending the signal is called the presynaptic neuron, and the neuron receiving the signal is the postsynaptic neuron.
The presynaptic neuron fires an action potential that...
5.4K
Neural Circuits
964
Neural circuits and neuronal pools are two of the main structures found in the nervous system. Neural circuits are networks of neurons that work together to carry out a specific task or process. They consist of interconnected neurons and glial cells, which provide structural and metabolic support.
Neuronal pools are collections of nerve cells with similar functions and interact through chemical and electrical signals. These pools include both interneurons (the central neural circuit nodes that...
Neuronal pools are collections of nerve cells with similar functions and interact through chemical and electrical signals. These pools include both interneurons (the central neural circuit nodes that...
964
The Synapse
121.6K
Neurons communicate with one another by passing on their electrical signals to other neurons. A synapse is the location where two neurons meet to exchange signals. At the synapse, the neuron that sends the signal is called the presynaptic cell, while the neuron that receives the message is called the postsynaptic cell. Note that most neurons can be both presynaptic and postsynaptic, as they both transmit and receive information.
121.6K
Neuronal Communication
740
Neurons, the fundamental units of the brain and nervous system, communicate through complex electrochemical signals that underpin all cognitive and bodily functions. This communication is primarily facilitated by a process involving the generation and propagation of an action potential along the axon of the neuron. When the internal electrical charge of a neuron surpasses a certain threshold, an action potential is triggered. This rapid change in voltage travels swiftly along the axon to the...
740
Hedgehog Signaling Pathway
7.3K
The Hedgehog gene (Hh) was first discovered due to its control of the growth of disorganized, hair-like bristles phenotype in Drosophila, much like hedgehog spines. Hh plays a crucial role in the development of organs and the maintenance of homeostasis in both invertebrates and vertebrates. However, while Drosophila has only one Hh protein, mammals have multiple functional Hedgehog proteins - Sonic (Shh), Desert (Dhh), and Indian Hedgehog (Ihh). All of these homologous proteins have adapted to...
7.3K
The Role of Ion Channels in Neuronal Computation
3.1K
A postsynaptic neuron usually receives numerous impulses from several other presynaptic neurons. The axon hillock of the postsynaptic neuron integrates all these signals and determines the likelihood of firing an action potential.
Sometimes a single EPSP is strong enough to induce an action potential in the postsynaptic neuron. However, multiple presynaptic inputs must often create EPSPs around the same time for the postsynaptic neuron to be sufficiently depolarized to fire an action potential....
Sometimes a single EPSP is strong enough to induce an action potential in the postsynaptic neuron. However, multiple presynaptic inputs must often create EPSPs around the same time for the postsynaptic neuron to be sufficiently depolarized to fire an action potential....
3.1K


