在阿片类受体部分激动剂的结构导向设计
Balazs R Varga1, Sarah M Bernhard1, Amal El Daibani1
1Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Nature communications
|March 14, 2025
概括
研究人员开发了C6-Quino,这是一种新的三角形阿片类受体 (δOR) 的部分激动剂. 这种非成性止痛药对缓解慢性疼痛,避免发作和其他阿片类药物副作用有很大的希望.
科学领域:
- 药理学 药理学是指药理学的学科.
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 药用化学 医学化学
背景情况:
- 慢性疼痛和阿片类药物过量服用导致的死亡需要具有新机制的非成止痛药.
- 与类阿片受体 (μOR) 相比,三角阿片受体 (δOR) 是一个有前途的目标,因为它缺乏呼吸抑制.
- 之前的 δOR 完全激动剂引起了发作,限制了临床效用;部分激动剂提供受控激活,但它们的机制尚不清楚.
研究的目的:
- 开发和特征选择性 δOR 部分激动剂,以提高安全性和有效性.
- 阐明在 δOR.部分激动的基础上的分子机制.
主要方法:
- 基于结构的设计一个比托普性联体 (C6-Quino).
- 功能性测试以评估G蛋白和阿雷斯通路活性.
- 低温电子显微镜 (cryo-EM) 用于确定受体-连接体相互作用.
- 在慢性疼痛模型中的体内研究.
主要成果:
- C6-基诺选择性地作为 δOR 部分激动剂.
- 观察到不同的G蛋白和阿雷斯通路信号传递.
- 冷EM证实了与结合口袋的相互作用.
- 在慢性疼痛模型中,C6-Quino表现出口服止痛活性,但没有引起发作或μOR相关的不良影响.
结论:
- C6-Quino代表了开发针对 δOR 的止痛药的新策略.
- 这种部分激动剂可以缓解疼痛,而没有完全激动剂或传统阿片类药物的不良影响.
- 为优化A类GPCRs的信号配置提供了一个框架.
相关概念视频
Opioid Receptors: Overview
415
Opioid receptors, including the mu (μ, MOR), delta (δ, DOR), and kappa (κ, KOR) types, belong to the rhodopsin family of G protein-coupled receptors. These receptors are located throughout the central and peripheral nervous systems and in non-neuronal tissues such as macrophages and astrocytes. Opioid receptor ligands can be categorized into agonists or antagonists. Highly selective agonists include [d-Ala2, MePhe4, Gly(ol)5]-enkephalin or DAMGO for MOR, [D-Pen2,...
415
Drug-Receptor Interaction: Agonist
2.3K
Agonists are drugs that interact with specific receptors in the body to produce a biological response. When an agonist binds to a receptor, it activates or enhances the receptor's function, leading to physiological effects. The interaction between agonist drugs and receptors is crucial for their therapeutic action in various medical treatments.
Agonists can bind to receptors in different ways. Some agonists bind directly to the receptor's active site, mimicking the endogenous...
Agonists can bind to receptors in different ways. Some agonists bind directly to the receptor's active site, mimicking the endogenous...
2.3K
Analgesia and Pain Management
419
Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...
419
Opioid Analgesics: Synthetic and Semisynthetic Opioids
201
Synthetic and semisynthetic opioids are pivotal in pain management and tackling opioid addiction. Semisynthetic opioids, including morphinans (morphine derivatives), oxycodone, oxymorphone, hydrocodone, and hydromorphone, have improved pharmacokinetic profiles compared to morphine. Additionally, heroin and 6-MAM (6-Monoacetylmorphine) show better CNS penetration than morphine due to heightened lipid solubility. Hydromorphone, a potent opioid, undergoes hepatic metabolism to form the active...
201
Adrenergic Agonists: Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationship
2.5K
Adrenergic agonists' structure-activity relationship (SAR) determines their selectivity and efficacy. These agonists comprise a phenylethylamine moiety with an aromatic ring and an ethylamine side chain.
Aromatic ring substitutions: Substituting the aromatic ring with –OH groups at positions 3 and 4 yields catecholamines (e.g., epinephrine), which have a high affinity for adrenoceptors. Hydrogen bonding between –OH groups and receptors enhances adrenergic activity.
Separation of...
Aromatic ring substitutions: Substituting the aromatic ring with –OH groups at positions 3 and 4 yields catecholamines (e.g., epinephrine), which have a high affinity for adrenoceptors. Hydrogen bonding between –OH groups and receptors enhances adrenergic activity.
Separation of...
2.5K
Opioid Analgesics: Morphine and Other Natural Cogeners
154
Opioids are a class of drugs that mimic endogenous opioid peptides and act on opioid receptors, and help in pain relief. These compounds are classified as natural, synthetic, or semi-synthetic. Natural opioids, like morphine, codeine, and thebaine, are derived from the opium poppy plant (Papaver somniferum or Papaver album) and are termed opiates. Synthetic opioids are artificial, while semi-synthetic opioids combine natural and synthetic compounds. Morphine, a prototypical opioid, possesses a...
154


