在加泰罗尼亚的一项基于人口的队列研究中,长期COVID的风险,决定因素和持续性
Manolis Kogevinas1,2,3,4, Marianna Karachaliou5, Ana Espinosa5,6,7
1ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain. manolis.kogevinas@isglobal.org.
BMC medicine
|March 14, 2025
概括
长期COVID的症状在许多情况下持续长达两年. 风险因素包括女性性别,低社会经济地位和以前的慢性疾病,而疫苗接种和生活方式选择可能会提供保护.
科学领域:
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 长期COVID研究主要集中在临床环境中.
- 需要进行基于人口的研究,以了解一般人群中的长期COVID.
研究的目的:
- 为了评估长期COVID的风险,亚型,持久性和决定因素在一个潜在的,基于人口的队列.
- 确定影响长期COVID发展和持续时间的因素.
主要方法:
- 从2020年到2023年,对2764名SARS-CoV-2感染个体 (COVICAT) 的队列进行了跟踪.
- 收集的数据包括免疫球蛋白G水平,临床,疫苗接种,社会人口统计和生活方式因素.
- 通过症状和电子健康记录识别了长期COVID病例 (n=647),与2117个对照组相比.
主要成果:
- 23%的感染者在2021-2023年期间出现了长期COVID症状.
- 在2021年发现的56%病例中,症状持续了2年.
- 确定了三种亚型:轻度神经肌肉,轻度呼吸和严重的多器官 (与持久性相关).
- 风险因素包括女性性别,年龄较小,社会经济地位较低,严重的COVID-19,疫苗接种前IgG升高,肥胖和慢性疾病.
- 保护因素包括感染前的疫苗接种,感染后的Omicron,体力活动,充足的睡眠和感染后的疫苗接种.
结论:
- 长期COVID是一种持久的疾病,在很大一部分病例中持续长达两年.
- 多种人口,临床和生活方式因素影响长期COVID风险和持续性.
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