缓慢但稳定:自闭症和非自闭症成年人之间执行功能的相似之处和差异
Robert M Jertberg1, Sander Begeer1, Hilde M Geurts2,3
1Section of Clinical Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam | The Netherlands and Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
概括
自闭症和非自闭症成年人表现出类似的执行功能 (EF) 性能,尽管自闭症患者的表现更慢,工作记忆的错误更多. 年龄,性别和智商没有影响这些EF差异.
科学领域:
- 神经发育障碍 神经发育障碍
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
背景情况:
- 自闭症和非自闭症个体之间的执行功能 (EF) 差异得到了充分的证据,但发现是混合的.
- 以前的研究并没有一致考虑样本大小,特定的EF组件,年龄和智商等因素.
研究的目的:
- 在大量自闭症和非自闭症成年人样本中调查执行功能 (EF) 差异.
- 检查年龄,性别和智商对这些EF差异的影响.
- 随着时间的推移,探索性能模式.
主要方法:
- 招募了900多名自闭症和非自闭症参与者 (年龄在18-77岁之间,平均/高于平均智商).
- 管理的任务测量抑制,认知灵活性,工作记忆和注意力定向.
- 分析了基于群体,年龄,性别和智商的表现.
主要成果:
- 总体上,EF表现在各组之间是相似的.
- 自闭症参与者比较慢,受空间线索的影响更大,工作记忆的错误也更大.
- 年龄,性别和智商并没有显著影响EF的群体差异.
结论:
- 自闭症并不一定意味着基本的认知水平执行功能障碍.
- 在这个样本中,观察到的EF差异并不能始终由年龄,性别或智商来解释.
- 文献中的差异可能源于在这里未检查的因素.
更多相关视频
相关概念视频
Autism Spectrum Disorder
53
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
53
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
34
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
34
Information Processing Approach
26
The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
26
Modeling in Therapy
39
Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in...
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in...
39


