自我报告的自闭症特征和临床确定的自闭症个体之间的表型差异
Sarah M Banker1,2,3,4, Miles Harrington3, Matthew Schafer4,5,6
1Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA.
Nature. Mental health
|March 14, 2025
概括
使用自我报告的在线自闭症研究可能不会准确地反映临床自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD). 临床诊断的自闭症样本与在线高特征样本显示了不同的社会行为,这表明需要仔细选择参与者.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 精神病学是一个精神病学.
- 心理学 心理学 心理学
背景情况:
- 在线研究提供快速招聘,但依赖于自我报告,可能缺乏对自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 等疾病的临床有效性.
- 在ASD研究中,使用自我报告的特征与亲自临床评估的临床有效性需要进一步调查.
研究的目的:
- 根据自我报告的自闭症特征,将在线招募的自闭症成年人与在线招募的自闭症成年人之间的特征与临床评估对比.
- 为了调查临床确定的和特征定义的ASD样本之间的社会焦虑,回避症状和社会行为之间的差异.
主要方法:
- 将56名患有自闭症障碍的成年人 (临床医生评估) 与匹配的在线样本 (Prolific) 进行了比较:56人具有高自闭症特征,56人具有低自闭症特征 (自我报告).
- 通过自我报告调查和行为观察,在决策任务期间评估社会焦虑,回避症状和社会倾向.
主要成果:
- 在线高特征参与者报告的社会焦虑和回避症状比本人ASD参与者更多,尽管有相似的自我报告的自闭症特征.
- 在人体样本中,自我评价和临床医生评价的自闭症特征之间没有发现相关性.
- 与在线团体相比,亲身的ASD参与者对社交影响的感知较低,对虚拟角色的附属行为较低.
结论:
- 这些发现强调了在自闭症谱系障碍研究中,临床确定的样本和特征定义样本之间有必要区分.
- 单独的自我报告措施可能无法完全捕捉到ASD的临床表型,特别是关于社会功能.
- 在线招聘方法虽然有效,但需要仔细考虑参与者特征,以确保神经精神病学研究的研究有效性.
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