[重点:医学中的人工智能 - - 在临床实践中使用大型语言模型的法律方面]
Eva Weicken1,2, Mirja Mittermaier2,3, Thomas Hoeren4
1Fraunhofer-Institut für Nachrichtentechnik, Heinrich-Hertz-Institut, Einsteinufer 37, 10587, Berlin, Deutschland.
Innere Medizin (Heidelberg, Germany)
|March 14, 2025
概括
在德国医疗保健中,只要仔细遵守法规,就可以使用大语言模型 (LLM) 符合数据保护的标准. 清晰的法律和道德准则对于将AI纳入临床实践至关重要.
科学领域:
- 医疗保健人工智能的人工智能
- 医疗信息学 医疗信息学
- 卫生法 法律 卫生法
背景情况:
- 大型语言模型 (LLM) 为德国推进医疗保健提供了机会.
- 由于复杂的法律情况,LLM在医院和实践中的实际应用有限.
- 对于临床研究中的LLMs研究和开发用户指南至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 在德国医疗保健系统中建立符合数据保护的LLM,特别是基于云计算的解决方案的基础.
- 介绍在德国和欧盟的临床研究和患者护理中使用基于云的LLM的数据保护方面.
- 从法律意见中分析关键陈述,使用柏林州法律作为规范要求的基础.
主要方法:
- 作为研究项目的一部分,委托撰写法律意见.
- 澄清了LLM使用基于云计算的解决方案的数据保护方面,在柏林Charité-大学医院.
- 审查了有关个人数据处理的具体问题.
主要成果:
- 法律框架因数据处理类型和联邦州而异.
- 数据保护要求可能不适用于匿名数据.
- 建议在处理个人数据时使用伪名;研究通常需要患者同意和数据处理协议.
- 由LLM生成的建议需要医生强制审查.
结论:
- 如果满足数据保护要求,基于云的LLM使用是可行的.
- 复杂的法律框架需要提供者的透明度.
- 未来AI和LLM在临床实践中的进步需要明确的法律和道德准则.
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