估计2004年至2019年农业中非致命伤害不足的数量
Isabelle Picciotto1, Timothy Beatty1, Alexandra Estvan Hill2
1Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of California, Davis, USA.
Journal of agricultural safety and health
|March 15, 2025
概括
政府估计,美国农业的非致命性职业伤害和疾病的数量显著低于估计,仅占实际病例的13%~26%. 这种低估凸显了农业行业存在严重的安全差距.
科学领域:
- 职业健康 职业健康 职业健康
- 农业安全 农业安全
- 公共卫生监督 公共卫生监督
背景情况:
- 美国劳工统计局 (BLS) 提供了非致命职业伤害和疾病的年度估计.
- 这些估计对于理解包括农业在内的美国工业部门的工作场所危险至关重要.
- 之前的评估表明,这些农业部门的官方统计数据中可能存在低估.
研究的目的:
- 纠正和完善政府对2004年至2019年美国农业中非致命职业伤害和疾病的估计.
- 量化BLS对农业行业低估的程度.
- 识别和分析导致这种不足的机构和行为因素.
主要方法:
- 对美国农业产业 (2004-2019) 的经过调整的BLS估计.
- 纳入的制度因素:不包括小农场,自雇者/家庭工人和季节性就业.
- 纳入的行为因素:雇主对受伤和疾病的报告不足.
- 利用了关于被排除在外的人群的数据和之前的报告不足率估计.
主要成果:
- 政府估计,在2004年至2019年期间,真正的非致命农业伤害和疾病中,只有13%26%的真正非致命农业伤害和疾病.
- 据估计,官方政府数据每年错过了74-87%的实际病例.
- 对作物生产的估计更准确 (平均缺失77%),而不是动物生产 (平均缺失83%).
- 雇主故意和疏忽地报告不足是不足的主要驱动因素,其次是排除非雇佣工人.
结论:
- 官方政府的估计大大低估了美国农业中非致命职业伤害和疾病的真实负担.
- 显著的报告不足和某些类别的员工被排除在外,需要改进数据收集方法.
- 这些发现强调了加强安全措施和在农业部门进行更准确的监测的必要性.
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