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Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:17

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Ziegler–Natta polymerization is another form of addition or chain‐growth polymerization used for synthesizing linear polymers over branched polymers. The catalyst used for polymerization is the Ziegler–Natta catalyst, named after Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta, who developed it in 1953. This catalyst is an organometallic complex of titanium tetrachloride and triethyl aluminum, with the active form of the catalyst being an alkyl titanium compound. Using the Ziegler–Natta...
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Polymerization generates chiral centers along the entire backbone of a polymer chain. Accordingly, the stereochemistry of the substituent group has a significant effect on polymer properties. Polymers formed from monosubstituted alkene monomers feature chiral carbons at every alternate position in the polymer backbone. Relative to the predominant orientation of substituents at the adjacent chiral carbons, the polymer can exist in three different configurations: isotactic, syndiotactic, and...
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Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:04

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The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael...
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The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
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Polymers are classified as linear or branched on the basis of their chain architecture. The polymer chains in linear polymers have a long chain-like structure with minimal to no branching at all. Even if a polymer features large substituent groups on the monomer, which appear as branches to the skeleton, it is not considered a branched polymer. A branched polymer contains secondary polymer chains that arise from the main polymer chain. The branching occurs when the polymer growth shifts from...
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The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
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区域化学和侧链工程使高效的N型混合导电聚合物成为可能.

Mingyu Ma1,2, Linlong Zhang1,2, Minhu Huang3

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P.R. China.

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高性能n型有机混合离子电子导体 (OMIEC) 聚合物是使用简单的二甲基烯基烯基单元开发的. 这一突破为生物电子应用提供了增强的电子特性和改进的设备性能.

关键词:
N型结合聚合物的聚合物.有机互补逆变器 有机互补逆变器有机混合离子电子导体 有机混合离子电子导体区域化学 区域化学侧链工程 侧链工程

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科学领域:

  • 材料科学 材料科学 材料科学
  • 有机电子 有机电子
  • 聚合物化学 聚合物化学

背景情况:

  • 开发具有简单结构的高性能n型有机混合离子电子导电聚合物 (OMIEC) 仍然是一个重大挑战.
  • 现有的OMIEC聚合物往往缺乏先进生物电子应用所需的性能.

研究的目的:

  • 合成和表征新型n型OMIEC聚合物,重点是简单的结构图案.
  • 调查这些n型OMIEC聚合物的性能结构-属性关系.
  • 为了证明这些材料在生物电子设备中的潜力.

主要方法:

  • 合成基于deketopyrrolopyrrole的OMIEC聚合物,这些聚合物具有糖化侧链的功能.
  • 研究区域特异性sp2-N位置对聚合物溶解和分子包装的影响.
  • 系统地改变侧链长度以控制分子方向 (边缘,双模,面向).
  • 设备的制造和表征,包括透导,功率 (μC*) 和值电压测量.
  • 制造一个有机互补逆变器用于ECG信号放大.

主要成果:

  • 通过一个简单的deketopyrrolopyrrole-thiazole骨干实现了高性能,低值电压n型OMIEC聚合物.
  • 证明了区域特异性和侧链工程控制了聚合物溶解,包装和定向.
  • 获得的特殊设备指标:透导率 (31.9 S cm−1),μC* (96.3 F cm−1 V−1 s−1) 和低值电压 (0.31 V).
  • 一个有机互补逆变器显示了用于ECG信号放大的高电压增益 (198 V V-1).

结论:

  • 制定了用于设计高性能生物电子n型OMIECs的结构属性准则.
  • 开发的聚合物代表了n型OMIEC材料的重大进步.
  • 这些材料对未来的生物电子应用具有很大的前景,包括信号处理和可穿戴电子产品.