神经退行性疾病中的体力活动和神经可塑性:对运动干预,认知训练和人工智能应用的全面审查
Lamia Ben Ezzdine1, Wissem Dhahbi2,3,4, Ismail Dergaa2,4,5
1High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Said, University of Manouba, Manouba, Tunisia.
Frontiers in neuroscience
|March 17, 2025
概括
身体活动 (PA) 通过增强神经发生和突触连接来提高神经退行性疾病中的大脑可塑性和认知功能. 特定的运动,如有氧,抵抗和心身训练,可以提高认知表现并帮助康复.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 运动生理学 运动生理学
- 认知康复 认知康复 认知康复
背景情况:
- 神经退行性疾病显著损害认知功能和神经可塑性.
- 身体活动 (PA) 越来越多地被认为是其在神经疾病中的潜在治疗益处.
研究的目的:
- 审查PA在神经退行性疾病中增强神经可塑性和认知功能的机制.
- 为认知康复计划确定有效的PA干预措施.
主要方法:
- 从1990年到2024年,在主要的科学数据库 (PubMed,Medline,Scopus,Web of Science,PsycINFO) 中进行全面的文献搜索.
- 包括PA,神经可塑性和神经退行性疾病中的认知功能的原始研究.
- 排除仅关注药理干预的研究.
主要成果:
- 通过神经变因子增强神经可塑性,减少神经炎症,减少氧化应激,改善突触连接/神经发生.
- 有氧运动增加了海马体体积 (1-2%) 和执行功能 (5-10%).
- 抵抗训练改善了认知控制和记忆 (12-18%).
- 心身炼提高了灰质密度 (3-5%) 和情绪调节 (15-20%).
- 双任务训练提高了注意力和处理速度 (8-14%).
- 基于人工智能的干预措施显示出个性化康复的前景.
结论:
- 通过各种机制,体力活动显然可以通过神经退行性疾病增强神经可塑性和认知功能.
- 特定的运动模式 (有氧,阻力,心身,双重任务) 提供量身定制的认知效益.
- 个性化体育炼计划,可能被人工智能增强,对于优化认知康复和患者结果至关重要.
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