在CD8+和CD4+中,T细胞受体的使用和表位特异性在SARS-CoV-2特异性T细胞中+
Ulrik Fahnøe1,2,3, Shan Feng1,2,3, Alexander P Underwood1,2,3
1Copenhagen Hepatitis C Program (CO-HEP), Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark.
Frontiers in immunology
|March 17, 2025
概括
对COVID-19的长期免疫力涉及SARS-CoV-2特异性T细胞,这些T细胞转移到类似天真的状态. 共享的T细胞受体谱表明了对变体的交叉反应性保护的潜力.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 病毒学 病毒学
- 细胞生物学 细胞生物学
背景情况:
- 由于COVID-19大流行,需要了解SARS-CoV-2感染后的长期免疫力.
- T细胞在适应性免疫和对病毒病原体的长期保护中发挥着至关重要的作用.
研究的目的:
- 调查长期表位特异性,T细胞受体 (TCR) 的使用,以及SARS-CoV-2特异性CD8+和CD4+T细胞的表型变化.
- 在COVID-19感染后最多12个月的个体中探索T细胞动态.
主要方法:
- 对28名未接种疫苗的未接种疫苗的周围血液单核细胞 (PBMC) 进行分析,最多在症状出现后12个月.
- 利用流细胞计和单细胞RNA测序 (scRNAseq) 来表征抗原特异性CD8+和CD4+T细胞.
- 检查了TCR克隆类型和激活标记,以了解T细胞动态和表位特异性.
主要成果:
- 特定于SARS-CoV-2的CD8+ T细胞的频率呈现下降,并过渡到类似于天真的状态,可能代表多能干细胞记忆T细胞.
- scRNAseq发现了针对尖峰和非尖峰SARS-CoV-2抗原的特异性,随着时间的推移增加了CD95和CD127的表达.
- 叠加的TCRβ链 (TRB) -CDR3序列表明共享的公共T细胞谱对抗SARS-CoV-2,并确定了独特的尖端特异性CD4+T细胞.
结论:
- 存在位特异性的异质性,有一些免疫主导反应,这表明长期存在的SARS-CoV-2特异性T细胞免疫力发挥了作用.
- 共享的TCR库提供了对交叉反应性T细胞克隆的见解,这对于优化针对SARS-CoV-2变种的疫苗策略非常有价值.
- 了解T细胞动态对于对SARS-CoV-2的长期保护至关重要.
相关概念视频
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection
620
T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
620
Diversity of Antigen Receptors
475
Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
475
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response
823
Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
823
T Cell Types and Functions
740
When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
740
Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity
431
An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and...
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and...
431
Cross-reactivity
30.9K
Overview
30.9K


