一个用于比较和解释机器学习分类器的框架,以预测ABIDE数据集上的自闭症
Yilan Dong1,2, Dafnis Batalle1,2, Maria Deprez1
1School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
Human brain mapping
|March 17, 2025
概括
机器学习模型在使用神经成像数据对自闭症进行分类时表现相似. 研究方法的差异,而不是模型类型,可能解释了自闭症研究中的各种结果.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 计算机科学 计算机科学
- 生物医学工程 生物医学工程
背景情况:
- 自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 是一种影响大约1%人口的神经发育的疾病.
- 机器学习 (ML) 模型越来越多地使用神经成像数据来对自闭症进行分类,但性能在不同研究中各不相同.
- 实验设置中的差异阻碍了对自闭症诊断的ML模型有效性的直接比较.
研究的目的:
- 标准化和比较5个著名的ML模型的性能,用于自闭症分类.
- 确定导致自闭症神经成像研究中的性能变化因素.
- 为了评估自闭症分类的不同ML模型的特征稳定性.
主要方法:
- 利用自闭症脑成像数据交换 (ABIDE) 数据集,包括功能连接,结构体积和表型信息.
- 训练并评估了五种ML模型:图形卷积网络 (GCN),边缘变量图形卷积网络 (EV-GCN),完全连接网络 (FCN),自动编码器跟着FCN (AE-FCN) 和支持向量机器 (SVM).
- 采用统一的评估标准来比较模型性能,包括分类准确性和曲线下的面积 (AUC). 使用SmoothGrad方法评估了特征稳定性.
主要成果:
- 所有测试的ML模型都达到70%左右的可比分类准确度.
- 集成模型,特别是GCN,在相同的测试条件下显示了最高的准确性 (72.2%) 和AUC (0.77),但不明显优于SVM (70.1%准确性,0.77AUC).
- 完全连接网络 (FCN) 显示出自闭症分类最稳定的特征选择,正如SmoothGrad分析所示.
结论:
- 发表的自闭症分类准确度的变化可能源于包含标准,数据模式和评估管道的差异,而不是ML算法之间固有的差异.
- 虽然整体GCN模型显示出略高的性能,但SVM仍然是自闭症分类的竞争性和强大的选择.
- 特性稳定性分析对于理解基于神经成像的自闭症研究中的模型解释性和可靠性至关重要.
关键词:
阿比德 (ABIDE) 是一种对象.整体方法 整体方法功能性核磁共振成像 (MRI) 功能性核磁共振成像解释解释解释的意思机器学习是机器学习.稳定的稳定性 稳定的稳定性结构性核磁共振成像 (MRI)更多相关视频
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