肠内分泌细胞调节肠道屏障的透性.
Jennifer G Nwako1, Sparsh D Patel1, Taevon J Roach1
1Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States.
American journal of physiology. Cell physiology
|March 17, 2025
概括
肠内分泌细胞对于维持健康的肠壁至关重要. 补充YY和体静止素可以拯救屏障缺陷,为胃肠道疾病提供潜在的新疗法.
科学领域:
- 胃肠道学和免疫学
- 皮质生物学 皮质生物学
- 细胞和分子医学是细胞和分子医学.
背景情况:
- 由紧密的结节维持的肠上皮屏障,对于营养吸收和病原体防御至关重要.
- 由炎症驱动的屏障功能障碍是炎症性肠病 (IBD) 的标志.
- 目前的治疗策略并不能直接增强肠上皮质屏障的功能.
研究的目的:
- 研究肠内分泌细胞在维持肠上皮质屏障完整性的作用.
- 确定肠内分泌细胞及其分泌的荷尔蒙是否可以在疾病模型中恢复屏障功能.
主要方法:
- 使用了人类肠道肠,基因删除了在Transwell过器上培养的肠内分泌细胞.
- 通过测量体电阻和细胞通透性来评估屏障功能.
- 评估了关键结点蛋白的局部化和丰富性 (zona occludens 1,ocludin,claudin-2). 这些蛋白质的位置和丰富性.
- 测试了氨酸-氨酸 (PYY) 和氨酸补充剂对屏障功能的影响.
主要成果:
- 肠内分泌细胞对于在干细胞和分化肠道培养物中保持屏障完整性至关重要.
- 补充PYY和奥克特雷酸在肠内分泌缺陷培养中挽救了屏障缺陷,即使暴露于炎症性细胞因子 (瘤缩因子).
- 障碍功能的改善发生在主要紧结蛋白质丰度的显著变化之外.
结论:
- 肠内分泌细胞在增强肠上皮质屏障功能方面发挥着关键的,以前不被重视的作用,特别是在炎症期间.
- 从肠内分泌细胞分泌的荷尔蒙,如PYY和体静止素,可以有效地恢复屏障的完整性.
- 这些发现为加强IBD和其他胃肠道疾病中的肠道屏障提供了一个新的治疗途径.
相关概念视频
Regulation of the Digestive System
359
Digestive activity regulation hinges on three primary components. Activation is prompted by a multitude of mechanical and chemical indicators, primarily detected by receptors within the stomach and intestines' walls. These receptors predominantly respond to factors such as mechanical stretching of the organ walls, changes in pH and osmolarity, and the presence of digesting materials and their by-products.
The effectors in this regulation system are glands and smooth muscles. Activation of...
The effectors in this regulation system are glands and smooth muscles. Activation of...
359
Renewal of Intestinal Stem Cells
2.5K
The intestinal epithelial lining rapidly renews every 4 to 5 days. The renewal is facilitated by intestinal stem cells (ISCs) located at the base of the crypt– a gland located at the bottom of each villus. ISCs divide asymmetrically to form new stem cells and progenitor daughter cells. The daughter cells are called transit-amplifying (TA) cells which move upwards along the crypt and either differentiate into absorptive cells– the enterocytes or secretory cells– including the...
2.5K
Physiology of Enteric Nervous System and Gut Health
209
The gastrointestinal tract, responsible for the digestion and absorption of nutrients, is safeguarded by the intestinal barrier, which consists of secretory, physical, and immune components. At the forefront is the secretory barrier, composed of essential elements such as mucus, gut microbiota, and defense proteins. They collaborate to break down food particles, facilitate nutrient absorption, and maintain optimal gut health. These secretory components ensure the smooth functioning of the...
209
Role Of Notch Signalling In Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal
2.0K
Notch signaling was first discovered in Drosophila melanogaster, where it is involved in cell lineage differentiation. Notch signaling regulates the maintenance and differentiation of intestinal stem cells or ISCs by controlling the expression of atonal homolog 1 or Atoh1. Atoh1 directs cells to differentiate into secretory cells.
Direct cell-to-cell contact is needed for the activation of Notch signaling. The signal is initiated when a notch ligand binds to a receptor on an adjacent cell, also...
Direct cell-to-cell contact is needed for the activation of Notch signaling. The signal is initiated when a notch ligand binds to a receptor on an adjacent cell, also...
2.0K
Hormonal Regulation
43.1K
Hormones regulate a significant portion of digestion through activation of the neuroendocrine system. The neuroendocrine system of digestion contains many different hormones all with multiple functions that are both, directly and indirectly, involved in digestion.
43.1K
Histology of the Small Intestine
378
The small intestine exhibits a unique histological structure that significantly enhances its function in digestion and nutrient absorption. These structures include circular folds, villi, and various specialized cells that collectively facilitate the digestion of food.
The intestinal lining features transverse folds called circular folds, each housing fingerlike projections known as intestinal villi. These villi are covered by a layer of simple columnar epithelium, also referred to as...
The intestinal lining features transverse folds called circular folds, each housing fingerlike projections known as intestinal villi. These villi are covered by a layer of simple columnar epithelium, also referred to as...
378


