对光伏逆变器中的传感器和控制器进行系统安全分析:威胁验证和对策
Fengchen Yang1, Kaikai Pan1, Chen Yan1
1Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|March 17, 2025
概括
光伏 (PV) 逆变器传感器容易受到故意的电磁干扰 (IEMI),可能导致拒绝服务或损坏. 这项研究强调了可再生能源系统的安全风险.
科学领域:
- 电气工程 电气工程
- 网络安全 网络安全
- 可再生能源系统可再生能源系统
背景情况:
- 可再生能源 (RES) 和电源逆变器的日益集成,需要强有力的安全措施,以确保稳定的电网运行.
- 光伏 (PV) 逆变器是将直流 (DC) 转换为交流 (AC) 的关键组件,但具有固有的安全漏洞.
研究的目的:
- 调查光伏逆变器内部内部传感器的安全漏洞.
- 分析电流和电压传感器对故意电磁干扰 (IEMI) 的易感性.
- 建议和评估用于检测和减轻光伏逆变器中的IEMI威胁的方法.
主要方法:
- 实验分析电流和电压传感器在1GHz或更高频率下对IEMI的脆弱性.
- 对六台商用光伏逆变器和现实世界的微电网进行IEMI攻击的演示.
- 在100-150厘米的距离发射IEMI信号,功率高达20W.
- 开发和讨论IEMI威胁的三个可适应的检测方法.
主要成果:
- 发现光伏逆变器中的电流和电压传感器都容易受到IEMI的影响,导致读数不正确,控制算法中断.
- 拟议的IEMI攻击成功地展示了包括拒绝服务 (DoS),物理损坏和减少功率输出在内的结果.
- 在商业逆变器和微电网上证实了漏洞,这表明存在重大安全风险.
结论:
- 太阳能逆变器,特别是它们的内部传感器,在可再生能源系统中构成了关键的漏洞.
- 蓄意的电磁干扰对未来以可再生能源为主导的电网的稳定性和安全性构成有形威胁.
- 提出的检测方法提供了可适应的解决方案,用于在不同操作场景中减轻IEMI威胁.
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