构造语言是通过与自然语言相同的大脑机制来处理的
Saima Malik-Moraleda1,2,3, Maya Taliaferro1,2, Steve Shannon2
1Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139.
概括
构造语言 (conlangs) 激活与自然语言相同的大脑区域,这表明语言处理的共同神经机制. 这表明,尽管存在差异,对应语言依赖于与人类语言相同的认知和神经基础.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 语言学的语言学.
- 认知科学 认知科学
背景情况:
- 自然语言处理涉及到专门的大脑机制.
- 构造语言 (conlangs) 的神经基础仍未得到充分探索.
- Conlangs可能会招募特定语言或一般认知网络.
研究的目的:
- 调查 conlangs 是否与自然语言具有相同的神经机制.
- 要确定是否与数学或编程语言相结合的模式.
- 识别关键的共享特征用于神经处理的conlangs和自然语言.
主要方法:
- 使用了对个体受试者的功能磁共振成像 (fMRI) 分析.
- 参与者理解了构造语言,包括埃斯佩朗托,克林贡语,纳维语,高瓦利里语和多特拉基语.
- 脑部活动与语言理解和非语言任务之间的比较.
主要成果:
- 理解对应语言始终招募与自然语言理解相同的大脑区域.
- 这种神经重叠在各种语言中观察到,包括埃斯佩朗托和虚构语言.
- 特定的语言特征 (例如,最近创建的,小的语音基础) 并没有改变神经招募模式.
结论:
- 相关语言和自然语言具有共同的关键特征,使得它们能够使用类似的认知和神经机制.
- 左侧化语言网络支持自然语言处理和构造语言处理.
- 能够表达多种意义的符号系统构成了共享神经处理的基础.
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