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相关概念视频

From DNA to Protein03:06

From DNA to Protein

The flow of genetic information in cells from DNA to mRNA to protein is described by the central dogma, which states that genes specify the sequence of mRNAs, which in turn specify the sequence of amino acids making up all proteins. The decoding of one molecule to another is performed by specific proteins and RNAs. Because the information stored in DNA is so central to cellular function, it makes intuitive sense that the cell would make mRNA copies of this information for protein synthesis...
The Central Dogma01:20

The Central Dogma

The central dogma explains the flow of genetic information from DNA nucleotides to the amino acid sequence of proteins.
RNA is the Missing Link Between DNA and Proteins
In the early 1900s, scientists discovered that DNA stores all the information needed for cellular functions and that proteins perform most of these functions. However, the mechanisms of converting genetic information into functional proteins remained unknown for many years. Initially, it was believed that a single gene is...
The Central Dogma01:25

The Central Dogma

Overview
Proteins: From Genes to Degradation02:11

Proteins: From Genes to Degradation

Within a biological system, the DNA encodes the RNA, and the nucleotide sequence in the RNA further defines the amino acid sequence in the protein. This is referred to as “The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology” - a term coined by Francis Crick.  Central dogma is a firm principle in biology that defines the flow of genetic information within any life form. The two fundamental steps in central dogma are - transcription and translation.
Transcription is the synthesis of RNA molecules by RNA...
Nucleic Acids02:43

Nucleic Acids

Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its functioning.
DNA and RNA
The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA is the genetic material in all living organisms, ranging from single-celled bacteria to multicellular mammals. It is in the nucleus of eukaryotes and in the organelles, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. In prokaryotes, the...
What is Gene Expression?01:42

What is Gene Expression?

Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is made up of nucleotides and proteins consist of amino...

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相关实验视频

Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Site Specific Lysine Acetylation of Histones for Nucleosome Reconstitution using Genetic Code Expansion in Escherichia coli
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遗传编码 ε-N-甲烯氨酸到活细胞中的蛋白质中.

Tian-Yi Zhu1,2, Shi-Yi Chen1,2, Mengdi Zhang1,2

  • 1Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Life Science Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.

Nature communications
|March 18, 2025
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概括

研究人员确定了非希斯蛋白Cyclophilin A (CypA) 上的氨酸甲化 (Kmea). 这种翻译后的修改调节了细胞的氧化还原稳态,并且可以在活细胞中进一步修改.

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科学领域:

  • 生物化学和分子生物学
  • 后翻译修改 后翻译修改
  • 蛋白质组学是指蛋白质组学.

背景情况:

  • 氨酸化是一种关键的翻译后修饰 (PTM),涉及多种细胞功能.
  • 虽然已知有成千上万的氨酸化部位,但只有27个氨酸甲化部位 (Kmea) 已被确定,仅限于组织蛋白.
  • 将Kmea与其同位素lysinecrotonylation (Kcr) 区分开来,带来了生化方面的挑战.

研究的目的:

  • 为了识别非歇斯顿蛋白,Cyclophilin A (CypA) 上的Kmea位点.
  • 调查Kmea在CypA中的功能性作用.
  • 开发一种研究Kmea修饰及其在活细胞中的相互作用的方法.

主要方法:

  • 在Cyclophilin A (CypA) 上确定Kmea的部位.
  • 遗传密码扩展以将非正规氨基酸 (ncAA) ε-N-Methacryllysine (MeaK) 纳入目标蛋白.
  • 亲和净化质谱 (MS) 用于识别与甲基化CypA.相互作用的蛋白质.

主要成果:

  • 在非歇斯顿蛋白CypA.上确定了Kmea.
  • 在CypA位点125的Kmea被发现可以调节细胞氧化还原平衡.
  • 鉴定出HDAC1是CypA上的Kmea的调节者,基因编码的Kmea可以在活细胞中进一步甲基化为ε-N-甲基-ε-N-甲化 (Kmemea).

结论:

  • 这项研究扩展了已知的Kmea修饰的风景,超越了基因组蛋白,将其扩展到非基因组蛋白,如CypA.
  • 在CypA上,Kmea在调节细胞氧化还原平衡方面发挥着重要作用.
  • 开发的遗传密码扩展方法为研究Kmea功能和交互 in vivo提供了一个强大的工具.