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用单电子干涉测量对电磁场进行时间分辨率传感

H Bartolomei¹, E Frigerio¹, M Ruelle¹

¹Laboratoire de Physique de l'Ecole normale supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.

Nature nanotechnology

|March 18, 2025

概括

研究人员开发了一种新的芯片量子传感器,使用电子干扰仪来检测高时分辨率的电场. 这一进步使微波场的敏感测量成为可能,并为检测非经典状态打开了大门.

科学领域:

量子光学是一种量子光学.
固态物理固态物理
纳米技术纳米技术

背景情况:

描述微波电磁场的量子状态需要能够探测振幅和波动的灵敏探测器.
目前的方法,如同质检测或数字化器,受到室温放大链 (~10GHz带宽) 和弱样本合的限制.
这些限制限制了高阻抗样本的时间分辨率和检测灵敏度.

研究的目的:

展示一个芯片上的量子传感器,用于检测经典的依赖时间的电场.
克服现有的微波检测技术的局限性.
为了使非经典电磁场的检测.

主要方法:

在GaAs/AlGaAs量子霍尔导体中使用电子Fabry-Pérot干扰仪.
利用单电子波函数的相位进行电场检测.
测量了干扰模式的相位和对比度.

主要成果:

实现了~35皮秒的时间分辨率,受到电子波段的时间宽度的限制.
显示了50微伏的电压分辨率,相当于几个微波光子.
成功测量了相位和对比度,这对于先进的量子状态检测至关重要.

结论:

与传统方法相比,开发的芯片内量子传感器提供了更高的时间分辨率和灵敏度.
测量干扰对比的能力为检测非经典状态 (如挤压状态或福克状态) 铺平了道路.
这项技术推进了量子计量学和量子电磁场的表征.

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