通过深度学习通过结构化电子健康记录数据的顺序诊断代码来提高患者结果预测:系统性审查
Tuankasfee Hama1, Mohanad M Alsaleh1,2, Freya Allery1
1Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
Journal of medical Internet research
|March 18, 2025
概括
深度学习模型显示了使用顺序诊断代码预测患者结果的前景. 较大的样本大小和多样化的特征可以提高性能,但一般化和可解释性需要更多的关注.
科学领域:
- 医疗保健中的人工智能
- 生物医学信息学 生物医学信息学
- 机器学习用于临床预测
背景情况:
- 结构化的电子健康记录 (EHR) 产生了大量的患者数据,包括顺序诊断代码.
- 来自诊断代码的时间病史对于预测患者的结果非常有价值.
- 顺序诊断数据的整合到深度学习 (DL) 模型中仍未得到充分探索.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查在DL模型中使用顺序诊断数据的情况.
- 了解数据整合方法,样本大小对性能的影响,以及模型通用性.
- 识别DL架构的趋势和临床结果的预测任务.
主要方法:
- 在PubMed,Embase,IEEE Xplore和Web of Science中进行系统的文献搜索,截至2023年5月15日.
- 包括使用在顺序诊断代码上训练的DL算法进行结果预测的研究.
- 使用PRISMA和PROBAST工具评估DL技术,数据集,预测任务,性能,概括性,可解释性和偏差风险.
主要成果:
- 84项研究符合资格标准,出版量每年都在增加.
- 循环神经网络 (56%) 和变压器 (26%) 是主要的DL架构.
- 较大的训练样本大小与模型性能正相关 (p=.02),但70%的研究具有高偏差风险.
结论:
- 深度学习具有很大的潜力,可以使用顺序医疗代码预测患者的结果.
- 提高预测性能与多功能使用,时间间隔集成和更大的样本大小有关.
- 很少有研究涉及概括性 (8%) 或可解释性 (45%),突出了未来研究的领域.
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