对于机器人和超现实的面具来说,神经对应物是不可思议的山谷效应
Shona Fitzpatrick1, Ailish K Byrne2, Alex Headley1
1Department of Psychology, University of York, York, United Kingdom.
PloS one
|March 18, 2025
概括
不寻常的山谷效应,一种对类似人类的人造物体的不安感,是用大脑反应来研究的. 多变量分析揭示了人类面孔与机器人和面具的独特神经模式,特别是刺激后600秒左右.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 人工智能的人工智能
- 人与计算机的交互
背景情况:
- 不寻常的山谷描述了当人工实体与人类非常相似时所感受到的不安.
- 之前的研究已经探索了不可思议的山谷的心理方面.
- 了解神经基础可以为AI开发提供信息.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究神秘山谷效应的神经相关物.
- 为了区分大脑对人脸的反应与人造的人类刺激.
- 为了识别潜在的客观神经标记物,用于奇怪的山谷.
主要方法:
- 两个实验使用人类,机器人和现实的面具的静止图像.
- 电脑电图 (EEG) 用于记录刺激引起的潜能 (大脑反应).
- 神经数据的单变量和多变量统计分析.
主要成果:
- 传统的单变量分析显示,面孔和怪异刺激之间没有明显的神经差异.
- 多变量分析发现了人类面孔和机器人/面具之间的显著神经解码差异.
- 观察到神经分化的两个不同的时间窗口:100-200毫秒和刺激开始后约600毫秒.
结论:
- 对不可思议刺激的神经反应与人类面部不同,可以通过多变量分析检测到.
- 早期的神经差异 (100-200 ms) 可能与低水平的视觉处理有关.
- 后来的神经差异 (大约600 ms) 可能反映了自上而下的处理和主观的神奇体验.
- 客观神经标记可以帮助训练人工智能,让人工智能更自然,更像人类的创造.
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